DOM

文档对象模型(Document Object Model,DOM)是一种用于HTML和XML文档的编程接口。它给文档提供了一种结构化的表示方法,可以改变文档的内容和呈现方式。我们最为关心的是,DOM把网页和脚本以及其他的编程语言联系了起来。DOM属于浏览器,而不是JavaScript语言规范里的规定的核心内容。

一、查找元素

1、直接查找

document.getElementById             根据ID获取一个标签
document.getElementsByName          根据name属性获取标签集合
document.getElementsByClassName     根据class属性获取标签集合
document.getElementsByTagName       根据标签名获取标签集合

2、间接查找

parentNode          // 父节点
childNodes          // 所有子节点
firstChild          // 第一个子节点
lastChild           // 最后一个子节点
nextSibling         // 下一个兄弟节点
previousSibling     // 上一个兄弟节点
 
parentElement           // 父节点标签元素
children                // 所有子标签
firstElementChild       // 第一个子标签元素
lastElementChild        // 最后一个子标签元素
nextElementtSibling     // 下一个兄弟标签元素
previousElementSibling  // 上一个兄弟标签元素

二、操作

1、内容

innerText   文本
outerText
innerHTML   HTML内容
innerHTML  
value       值

2、属性

attributes                // 获取所有标签属性
setAttribute(key,value)   // 设置标签属性
getAttribute(key)         // 获取指定标签属性
 
/*
var atr = document.createAttribute("class");
atr.nodeValue="democlass";
document.getElementById('n1').setAttributeNode(atr);
*/
 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html>
 3 <head lang="en">
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title></title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8     <input type="button" value="全选"  onclick="CheckAll();"/>
 9     <input type="button" value="取消" onclick="CancelAll();"/>
10     <input type="button" value="反选" onclick="ReverseCheck();"/>
11 
12     <table border="1" >
13         <thead>
14 
15         </thead>
16         <tbody id="tb">
17             <tr>
18                 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
19                 <td>111</td>
20                 <td>222</td>
21             </tr>
22             <tr>
23                 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
24                 <td>111</td>
25                 <td>222</td>
26             </tr>
27             <tr>
28                 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
29                 <td>111</td>
30                 <td>222</td>
31             </tr>
32             <tr>
33                 <td><input type="checkbox" /></td>
34                 <td>111</td>
35                 <td>222</td>
36             </tr>
37         </tbody>
38     </table>
39     <script>
40         function CheckAll(ths){
41             var tb = document.getElementById('tb');
42             var trs = tb.childNodes;
43             for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
44 
45                 var current_tr = trs[i];
46                 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
47                     var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0];
48                     inp.checked = true;
49                 }
50             }
51         }
52 
53         function CancelAll(ths){
54             var tb = document.getElementById('tb');
55             var trs = tb.childNodes;
56             for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
57 
58                 var current_tr = trs[i];
59                 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
60                     var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0];
61                     inp.checked = false;
62                 }
63             }
64         }
65 
66         function ReverseCheck(ths){
67             var tb = document.getElementById('tb');
68             var trs = tb.childNodes;
69             for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){
70                 var current_tr = trs[i];
71                 if(current_tr.nodeType==1){
72                     var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0];
73                     if(inp.checked){
74                         inp.checked = false;
75                     }else{
76                         inp.checked = true;
77                     }
78                 }
79             }
80         }
81 
82     </script>
83 </body>
84 </html>
Demo

3、class操作

className                // 获取所有类名
classList.remove(cls)    // 删除指定类
classList.add(cls)       // 添加类

4、标签操作

a.创建标签

// 方式一
var tag = document.createElement('a')
tag.innerText = "wupeiqi"
tag.className = "c1"
tag.href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi"
 
// 方式二
var tag = "<a class='c1' href='http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi'>wupeiqi</a>"

b.操作标签

// 方式一
var obj = "<input type='text' />";
xxx.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeEnd",obj);
xxx.insertAdjacentElement('afterBegin',document.createElement('p'))
 
//注意:第一个参数只能是'beforeBegin'、 'afterBegin'、 'beforeEnd'、 'afterEnd'
 
// 方式二
var tag = document.createElement('a')
xxx.appendChild(tag)
xxx.insertBefore(tag,xxx[1])

5、样式操作

var obj = document.getElementById('i1')
 
obj.style.fontSize = "32px";
obj.style.backgroundColor = "red";
 1 <input onfocus="Focus(this);" onblur="Blur(this);" id="search" value="请输入关键字" style="color: gray;" />
 2 
 3     <script>
 4         function Focus(ths){
 5             ths.style.color = "black";
 6             if(ths.value == '请输入关键字' || ths.value.trim() == ""){
 7 
 8                 ths.value = "";
 9             }
10         }
11 
12         function Blur(ths){
13             if(ths.value.trim() == ""){
14                 ths.value = '请输入关键字';
15                 ths.style.color = 'gray';
16             }else{
17                 ths.style.color = "black";
18             }
19         }
20     </script>
Demo

6、位置操作

总文档高度
document.documentElement.offsetHeight
  
当前文档占屏幕高度
document.documentElement.clientHeight
  
自身高度
tag.offsetHeight
  
距离上级定位高度
tag.offsetTop
  
父定位标签
tag.offsetParent
  
滚动高度
tag.scrollTop
 
/*
    clientHeight -> 可见区域:height + padding
    clientTop    -> border高度
    offsetHeight -> 可见区域:height + padding + border
    offsetTop    -> 上级定位标签的高度
    scrollHeight -> 全文高:height + padding
    scrollTop    -> 滚动高度
    特别的:
        document.documentElement代指文档根节点
*/
 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html>
 3 <head lang="en">
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title></title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body style="margin: 0;">
 8     <div style="height: 900px;">
 9 
10     </div>
11     <div style="padding: 10px;">
12         <div id="i1" style="height:190px;padding: 2px;border: 1px solid red;margin: 8px;">
13                 <p>asdf</p>
14                 <p>asdf</p>
15                 <p>asdf</p>
16                 <p>asdf</p>
17                 <p>asdf</p>
18         </div>
19     </div>
20 
21     <script>
22         var i1 = document.getElementById('i1');
23 
24         console.log(i1.clientHeight); // 可见区域:height + padding
25         console.log(i1.clientTop);    // border高度
26         console.log('=====');
27         console.log(i1.offsetHeight); // 可见区域:height + padding + border
28         console.log(i1.offsetTop);    // 上级定位标签的高度
29         console.log('=====');
30         console.log(i1.scrollHeight);   //全文高:height + padding
31         console.log(i1.scrollTop);      // 滚动高度
32         console.log('=====');
33 
34     </script>
35 </body>
36 </html>
test
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<style>

    body{
        margin: 0px;
    }
    img {
        border: 0;
    }
    ul{
        padding: 0;
        margin: 0;
        list-style: none;
    }
    .clearfix:after {
        content: ".";
        display: block;
        height: 0;
        clear: both;
        visibility: hidden;
    }

    .wrap{
        width: 980px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .pg-header{
        background-color: #303a40;
        -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
        -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
        box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
    }
    .pg-header .logo{
        float: left;
        padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
    }
    .pg-header .logo img{
        vertical-align: middle;
        width: 110px;
        height: 40px;

    }
    .pg-header .nav{
        line-height: 50px;
    }
    .pg-header .nav ul li{
        float: left;
    }
    .pg-header .nav ul li a{
        display: block;
        color: #ccc;
        padding: 0 20px;
        text-decoration: none;
        font-size: 14px;
    }
    .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
        color: #fff;
        background-color: #425a66;
    }
    .pg-body{

    }
    .pg-body .catalog{
        position: absolute;
        top:60px;
        width: 200px;
        background-color: #fafafa;
        bottom: 0px;
    }
    .pg-body .catalog.fixed{
        position: fixed;
        top:10px;
    }

    .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
        color: #fff;
        background-color: #425a66;
    }

    .pg-body .content{
        position: absolute;
        top:60px;
        width: 700px;
        margin-left: 210px;
        background-color: #fafafa;
        overflow: auto;
    }
    .pg-body .content .section{
        height: 500px;
    }
</style>
<body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
<div class="pg-header">
    <div class="wrap clearfix">
        <div class="logo">
            <a href="#">
                <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="nav">
            <ul>
                <li>
                    <a  href="#">首页</a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a  href="#">功能一</a>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <a  href="#">功能二</a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>

    </div>
</div>
<div class="pg-body">
    <div class="wrap">
        <div class="catalog">
            <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
            <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
            <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
        </div>
        <div class="content">
            <div menu="function1" class="section">
                <h1>第一章</h1>
            </div>
            <div menu="function2" class="section">
                <h1>第二章</h1>
            </div>
            <div menu="function3" class="section">
                <h1>第三章</h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>
    <script>
        function ScrollEvent(){
            var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
            if(bodyScrollTop>50){
                document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed');
            }else{
                document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed');
            }

        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>
Demo-滚动固定
  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html>
  3 <head lang="en">
  4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5     <title></title>
  6 </head>
  7 <style>
  8 
  9     body{
 10         margin: 0px;
 11     }
 12     img {
 13         border: 0;
 14     }
 15     ul{
 16         padding: 0;
 17         margin: 0;
 18         list-style: none;
 19     }
 20     h1{
 21         padding: 0;
 22         margin: 0;
 23     }
 24     .clearfix:after {
 25         content: ".";
 26         display: block;
 27         height: 0;
 28         clear: both;
 29         visibility: hidden;
 30     }
 31 
 32     .wrap{
 33         width: 980px;
 34         margin: 0 auto;
 35     }
 36 
 37     .pg-header{
 38         background-color: #303a40;
 39         -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
 40         -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
 41         box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
 42     }
 43     .pg-header .logo{
 44         float: left;
 45         padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
 46     }
 47     .pg-header .logo img{
 48         vertical-align: middle;
 49         width: 110px;
 50         height: 40px;
 51 
 52     }
 53     .pg-header .nav{
 54         line-height: 50px;
 55     }
 56     .pg-header .nav ul li{
 57         float: left;
 58     }
 59     .pg-header .nav ul li a{
 60         display: block;
 61         color: #ccc;
 62         padding: 0 20px;
 63         text-decoration: none;
 64         font-size: 14px;
 65     }
 66     .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
 67         color: #fff;
 68         background-color: #425a66;
 69     }
 70     .pg-body{
 71 
 72     }
 73     .pg-body .catalog{
 74         position: absolute;
 75         top:60px;
 76         width: 200px;
 77         background-color: #fafafa;
 78         bottom: 0px;
 79     }
 80     .pg-body .catalog.fixed{
 81         position: fixed;
 82         top:10px;
 83     }
 84 
 85     .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
 86         color: #fff;
 87         background-color: #425a66;
 88     }
 89 
 90     .pg-body .content{
 91         position: absolute;
 92         top:60px;
 93         width: 700px;
 94         margin-left: 210px;
 95         background-color: #fafafa;
 96         overflow: auto;
 97     }
 98     .pg-body .content .section{
 99         height: 500px;
100         border: 1px solid red;
101     }
102 </style>
103 <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
104 <div class="pg-header">
105     <div class="wrap clearfix">
106         <div class="logo">
107             <a href="#">
108                 <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
109             </a>
110         </div>
111         <div class="nav">
112             <ul>
113                 <li>
114                     <a  href="#">首页</a>
115                 </li>
116                 <li>
117                     <a  href="#">功能一</a>
118                 </li>
119                 <li>
120                     <a  href="#">功能二</a>
121                 </li>
122             </ul>
123         </div>
124 
125     </div>
126 </div>
127 <div class="pg-body">
128     <div class="wrap">
129         <div class="catalog" id="catalog">
130             <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
131             <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
132             <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
133         </div>
134         <div class="content" id="content">
135             <div menu="function1" class="section">
136                 <h1>第一章</h1>
137             </div>
138             <div menu="function2" class="section">
139                 <h1>第二章</h1>
140             </div>
141             <div menu="function3" class="section">
142                 <h1>第三章</h1>
143             </div>
144         </div>
145     </div>
146 
147 </div>
148     <script>
149         function ScrollEvent(){
150             var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
151             if(bodyScrollTop>50){
152                 document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed');
153             }else{
154                 document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed');
155             }
156 
157             var content = document.getElementById('content');
158             var sections = content.children;
159             for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){
160                 var current_section = sections[i];
161 
162                 // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度
163                 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60;
164 
165                 // 当前标签距离顶部,相对高度
166                 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop;
167 
168                 // 当前标签高度
169                 var height = current_section.scrollHeight;
170 
171                 if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){
172                     // 当前标签添加active
173                     // 其他移除 active
174                     var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children;
175                     var current_menu = menus[i];
176                     current_menu.classList.add('active');
177                     for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
178                         if(menus[j] == current_menu){
179 
180                         }else{
181                             menus[j].classList.remove('active');
182                         }
183                     }
184                     break;
185                 }
186 
187             }
188 
189 
190         }
191     </script>
192 </body>
193 </html>
Demo-滚动菜单
  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html>
  3 <head lang="en">
  4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5     <title></title>
  6 </head>
  7 <style>
  8 
  9     body{
 10         margin: 0px;
 11     }
 12     img {
 13         border: 0;
 14     }
 15     ul{
 16         padding: 0;
 17         margin: 0;
 18         list-style: none;
 19     }
 20     h1{
 21         padding: 0;
 22         margin: 0;
 23     }
 24     .clearfix:after {
 25         content: ".";
 26         display: block;
 27         height: 0;
 28         clear: both;
 29         visibility: hidden;
 30     }
 31 
 32     .wrap{
 33         width: 980px;
 34         margin: 0 auto;
 35     }
 36 
 37     .pg-header{
 38         background-color: #303a40;
 39         -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
 40         -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
 41         box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
 42     }
 43     .pg-header .logo{
 44         float: left;
 45         padding:5px 10px 5px 0px;
 46     }
 47     .pg-header .logo img{
 48         vertical-align: middle;
 49         width: 110px;
 50         height: 40px;
 51 
 52     }
 53     .pg-header .nav{
 54         line-height: 50px;
 55     }
 56     .pg-header .nav ul li{
 57         float: left;
 58     }
 59     .pg-header .nav ul li a{
 60         display: block;
 61         color: #ccc;
 62         padding: 0 20px;
 63         text-decoration: none;
 64         font-size: 14px;
 65     }
 66     .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{
 67         color: #fff;
 68         background-color: #425a66;
 69     }
 70     .pg-body{
 71 
 72     }
 73     .pg-body .catalog{
 74         position: absolute;
 75         top:60px;
 76         width: 200px;
 77         background-color: #fafafa;
 78         bottom: 0px;
 79     }
 80     .pg-body .catalog.fixed{
 81         position: fixed;
 82         top:10px;
 83     }
 84 
 85     .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{
 86         color: #fff;
 87         background-color: #425a66;
 88     }
 89 
 90     .pg-body .content{
 91         position: absolute;
 92         top:60px;
 93         width: 700px;
 94         margin-left: 210px;
 95         background-color: #fafafa;
 96         overflow: auto;
 97     }
 98     .pg-body .content .section{
 99         height: 500px;
100         border: 1px solid red;
101     }
102 </style>
103 <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();">
104 <div class="pg-header">
105     <div class="wrap clearfix">
106         <div class="logo">
107             <a href="#">
108                 <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn">
109             </a>
110         </div>
111         <div class="nav">
112             <ul>
113                 <li>
114                     <a  href="#">首页</a>
115                 </li>
116                 <li>
117                     <a  href="#">功能一</a>
118                 </li>
119                 <li>
120                     <a  href="#">功能二</a>
121                 </li>
122             </ul>
123         </div>
124 
125     </div>
126 </div>
127 <div class="pg-body">
128     <div class="wrap">
129         <div class="catalog" id="catalog">
130             <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div>
131             <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div>
132             <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div>
133         </div>
134         <div class="content" id="content">
135             <div menu="function1" class="section">
136                 <h1>第一章</h1>
137             </div>
138             <div menu="function2" class="section">
139                 <h1>第二章</h1>
140             </div>
141             <div menu="function3" class="section" style="height: 200px;">
142                 <h1>第三章</h1>
143             </div>
144         </div>
145     </div>
146 
147 </div>
148     <script>
149         function ScrollEvent(){
150             var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop;
151             if(bodyScrollTop>50){
152                 document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed');
153             }else{
154                 document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed');
155             }
156 
157             var content = document.getElementById('content');
158             var sections = content.children;
159             for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){
160                 var current_section = sections[i];
161 
162                 // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度
163                 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60;
164 
165                 // 当前标签距离顶部,相对高度
166                 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop;
167 
168                 // 当前标签高度
169                 var height = current_section.scrollHeight;
170 
171                 if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){
172                     // 当前标签添加active
173                     // 其他移除 active
174 
175                     // 如果已经到底部,现实第三个菜单
176                     // 文档高度 = 滚动高度 + 视口高度
177 
178                     var a = document.getElementsByClassName('content')[0].offsetHeight + 60;
179                     var b = bodyScrollTop + document.documentElement.clientHeight;
180                     console.log(a+60,b);
181                     if(a == b){
182                         var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children;
183                         var current_menu = document.getElementById('catalog').lastElementChild;
184                         current_menu.classList.add('active');
185                         for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
186                             if(menus[j] == current_menu){
187 
188                             }else{
189                                 menus[j].classList.remove('active');
190                             }
191                         }
192                     }else{
193                         var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children;
194                         var current_menu = menus[i];
195                         current_menu.classList.add('active');
196                         for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){
197                             if(menus[j] == current_menu){
198 
199                             }else{
200                                 menus[j].classList.remove('active');
201                             }
202                         }
203                     }
204 
205 
206 
207 
208                     break;
209                 }
210 
211             }
212 
213 
214         }
215     </script>
216 </body>
217 </html>
Demo-滚动高度

7、提交表单

document.geElementById('form').submit()

8、其他操作

console.log                 输出框
alert                       弹出框
confirm                     确认框
  
// URL和刷新
location.href               获取URL
location.href = "url"       重定向
location.reload()           重新加载
  
// 定时器
setInterval                 多次定时器
clearInterval               清除多次定时器
setTimeout                  单次定时器
clearTimeout                清除单次定时器

三、事件

对于事件需要注意的要点:

  • this
  • event
  • 事件链以及跳出

this标签当前正在操作的标签,event封装了当前事件的内容。

实例:

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html>
 3     <head>
 4         <meta charset='utf-8' />
 5         <title></title>
 6         
 7         <style>
 8             .gray{
 9                 color:gray;
10             }
11             .black{
12                 color:black;
13             }
14         </style>
15         <script type="text/javascript">
16             function Enter(){
17                var id= document.getElementById("tip")
18                id.className = 'black';
19                if(id.value=='请输入关键字'||id.value.trim()==''){
20                     id.value = ''
21                }
22             }
23             function Leave(){
24                 var id= document.getElementById("tip")
25                 var val = id.value;
26                 if(val.length==0||id.value.trim()==''){
27                     id.value = '请输入关键字'
28                     id.className = 'gray';
29                 }else{
30                     id.className = 'black';
31                 }
32             }
33         </script>
34     </head>
35     <body>
36         <input type='text' class='gray' id='tip' value='请输入关键字' onfocus='Enter();'  onblur='Leave();'/>
37     </body>
38 </html>
搜索框
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset='utf-8' >
        <title>欢迎blue shit莅临指导&nbsp;&nbsp;</title>
        <script type='text/javascript'>
            function Go(){
                var content = document.title;
                var firstChar = content.charAt(0)
                var sub = content.substring(1,content.length)
                document.title = sub + firstChar;
            }
            setInterval('Go()',1000);
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>    
    </body>
</html>
跑马灯

 

posted @ 2016-11-20 12:52  张文强Terry  阅读(153)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报