Anolis 8.6 (CentOS 8) 安装 vsftpd 服务（2022.10）

1.  # ps -ef | grep  vsftpd  //检查 vsftpd 进程是否启动成功。

[root@localhost pub]# ps -ef | grep vsftpd
root       50025       1  0 16:19 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
nobody     50897   50025  0 16:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
stud001    50899   50897  0 16:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
root       51037    3624  0 16:47 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto vsftpd

2. 初次配置时，并未成功启动vsftpd服务。 

[root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl start vsftpd
Job for vsftpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status vsftpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@localhost vsftpd]# journalctl -xe > vsftpd.out3

多方查找原因并尝试修改各种配置，都未成功解决改问题。

3. 从一个已经成功运行vsftpd 的aliyun虚拟主机（CentOS8.4)上下载 vsftpd.conf 拷贝入  /etc/vsftpd 目录下。然后启动 vsfftpd 服务就一次成功。

该vsftpd内容如下：

[root@localhost pub]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
# cjl changed the following line to YES at 2022.10.25
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#cjl uncommented the following line at 2022.10.25
ftpd_banner=Welcome to YangFan 204 Dell T130  FTP service(172.23.203.5).
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
# cjl change the followin to YES at 2022.10.25
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
# cjl comment the following 1 line at 2022.10.25
#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES

#cjl added the followin 1 line
anon_root=/home/ftp

4. vsftpd 成功启动后，可以从本机访问到ftp服务器上的目录。但网络上其它主机无法连通ftp服务器的21端口。执行如下3条命令，设置防火墙后，网络上其他机器可以访问该ftp服务器。

[root@localhost pub]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost pub]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=30060-30090/tcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost pub]# firewall-cmd --reload

 5. 修改ftpadmin(ftp 管理员账号）的home目录，从/var/ftp 改到  /home/ftp。

usermod -d /home/ftp ftpadmin

6. 修改vsftpd的anonymous用户的默认ftp目录

在 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 中添加

anon_root=/home/ftp    //仅有这一句无法生效，此指令能正常工作吗？

usermod  -d  /home/ftp  ftp  //修改anonymous用户（linux 对应用户：ftp）的home目录， 从/var/ftp 到 /home/ftp