Linux + Python的第一天
1、源码安装python
[root@tanuki ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
[root@tanuki ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel libffi-devel
[root@tanuki ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.6/Python-3.7.6.tar.xz
# 这里做出说明，本次安装的是python3.7.6，大版本号3.7是稳定的，小版本号无所谓，想要安装别的版本可以去官网查看别的版本号。
[root@tanuki ~]# tar -xf Python-3.7.6.tar.xz
[root@tanuki ~]# cd Python-3.7.6/
[[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#readline/readline/' Modules/Setup.dist
[[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#(SSL=)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist
[[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#(_ssl)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist
[[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#([\t]*-DUSE)/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist
[[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# sed -ri 's/^#([\t]*-L\$\(SSL\))/\1/' Modules/Setup.dist
[[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# ./confgure --enable-shared
# 安装共享库，共享库再使用其他需要调用python的软件时会用到，比如使用mod_wgsi连接apache与python时需要。
[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# echo $?
0
[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# make -j 2 && make install
# 这里指定当前主机的cpu核数，我设置的是2，因为安装部署比较耗时。
[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# echo $?
0
[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# cat /etc/profile.d/python3_lib.sh
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.conf
/usr/local/lib
[root@tanuki ~]# ldconfig
[root@tanuki ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@tanuki ~]# python3 -V
[root@tanuki ~]# python3
[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# python3
Python 3.7.6 (default, May 8 2022, 08:55:29)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
2、安装pip
[root@tanuki ~]# pip3 -V
[root@tanuki ~]# mkdir ~/.pip
[root@tanuki ~]# cat /root/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
index-url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
[root@tanuki ~]# pip3 install ipython
# 安装增强版解析器
Installing collected packages: backcall, traitlets, matplotlib-inline, pickleshare, decorator, parso, jedi, pygments
Successfully installed backcall-0.2.0 decorator-5.1.1 ipython-7.33.0 jedi-0.18.1 matplotlib-inline-0.1.3 parso-0.8.3ments-2.12.0 traitlets-5.1.1 wcwidth-0.2.5
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 22.0.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
# 已经安装成功，问需不需要更新”pip“，但是如果直接按照他提示的命令我们默认升级的是pip2，而不是pip3。
[root@tanuki Python-3.7.6]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
# 系统中默认已经安装了pthon-2.7.5的版本，而pip2与pip3不兼容，所以如果我们想要升级pip3需要修改命令。
[root@tanuki ~]# pip3 install --upgrade pip
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 19.2.3
Uninstalling pip-19.2.3:
Successfully uninstalled pip-19.2.3
Successfully installed pip-22.0.4
# pip3升级完成。
3、安装ipython
[root@tanuki ~]# python3
Python 3.7.6 (default, May 8 2022, 08:55:29)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = 'hello'
>>> s.
s.capitalize( s.format( s.isidentifier( s.ljust( s.rjust( s.swapcase(
s.casefold( s.format_map( s.islower( s.lower( s.rpartition( s.title(
s.center( s.index( s.isnumeric( s.lstrip( s.rsplit( s.translate(
s.count( s.isalnum( s.isprintable( s.maketrans( s.rstrip( s.upper(
s.encode( s.isalpha( s.isspace( s.partition( s.split( s.zfill(
s.endswith( s.isascii( s.istitle( s.replace( s.splitlines(
s.expandtabs( s.isdecimal( s.isupper( s.rfind( s.startswith(
s.find( s.isdigit( s.join( s.rindex( s.strip(
>>> s.upper()
'HELLO'
>>> exit()
[root@tanuki ~]# pip3 install ipython
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
Requirement already satisfied: ipython in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (7.33.0)
Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib-inline in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (0.1.3)
Requirement already satisfied: decorator in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (5.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pexpect>4.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (4.8.0)
Requirement already satisfied: jedi>=0.16 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (0.18.1)
Requirement already satisfied: prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (3.0.29)
Requirement already satisfied: pickleshare in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (0.7.5)
Requirement already satisfied: traitlets>=4.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (5.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pygments in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (2.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied: backcall in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (0.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=18.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from ipython) (41.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: parso<0.9.0,>=0.8.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from jedi>=0.16->ipython) (0.8.3)
Requirement already satisfied: ptyprocess>=0.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pexpect>4.3->ipython) (0.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: wcwidth in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0->ipython) (0.2.5)
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
[root@tanuki ~]# echo $?
0
# ipython一个tab可以出现方法，双tab可以去选择方法，也可以使用方向键进行选择，但是新tab出来的，相比较于python3是没有添加括号的。
[root@tanuki ~]# ipython
Python 3.7.6 (default, May 8 2022, 08:55:29)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.33.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: h = 'hello'
In [2]: h.upper()
Out[2]: 'HELLO'
In [3]: ??open # 内置函数使用说明，使用q退出
In [4]: !vi hello.py
In [5]: %run hello.py
hello
In [6]: !cat hello.py
print("hello")
In [7]: exit()
# ipython不是用于写代码的，更多是用于代码测试的，起到调试作用，代码的编辑需要使用visconde。
4、安装viscode
# 我们可以直接访问viscode的官网进行访问得到安装过程，此次我将它安装在linux上，具体流程直接复制粘贴官网的就ok了，这里不赘述。
# 安装成功后，我们需要添加几个插件，用来让我们的使用更加方便。
# Chinese 不多说就是汉化;
# wsl 是因为我用的是linux-window;
# icons 将我们的图标进行美化...
# 我们可以使用点点点的方式去设置，也可以使用我下面的方法。
{
"workbench.iconTheme": "vscode-icons",
"editor.fontSize": 17,
"debug.console.fontSize": 17,
"markdown.preview.fontSize": 15,
"terminal.integrated.fontSize": 17,
// 编辑的文件，每1秒自动保存一次（注释）
"files.autoSave": "afterDelay"
}
// 这里使用的是JavaScript，这些配置可以直接点点点进行配置，不过为了以后方便，我这里保存下代码。control + s 保存使用。
// 到这里配置也就结束了。
5、创建python文件
# viscode中运行python文件，需要安装相关扩展，比如python扩展，如果你是在window环境安装的viscode，还需要去安装python解析器。
# 看大家喜好，决定用哪种。我这里使用window举的例子，并没有用linux。
# window在安装code runner后也出现了一个问题，顺便解决了一下，这里记录一下。
# 问题1、已经编辑了配置无法清屏。
# 问题2、执行.py文件失败。
# 解决：在安装部署code runner后需要我们去做一下配置，声明我们配置的文件路径，这里的路径和window不同，需要注意。
# 顺便记录快捷方式：contr + ？快速注释
// 此时的配置文件
{
"workbench.iconTheme": "vscode-icons",
"editor.fontSize": 17,
"debug.console.fontSize": 17,
"markdown.preview.fontSize": 15,
"terminal.integrated.fontSize": 17,
// 编辑的文件，每1秒自动保存一次（注释）
"files.autoSave": "afterDelay"
// "vsicons.dontShowNewVersionMessage": true,
// "code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true,
"[python]": {
"editor.wordBasedSuggestions": false
},
"python.linting.flake8Enabled": true,
"python.formatting.provider": "yapf",
"python.linting.pylintEnabled": false,
"code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": true,
// "code-runner.runInTerminal": true,
"workbench.startupEditor": "newUntitledFile",
"python.pythonPath":"C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\p
ython.exe",
"python.linting.enabled": false,
"code-runner.executorMap": {
"javascript": "node",
"java": "cd $dir && javac $fileName && java $fileNameWithoutExt",
"c": "cd $dir && gcc $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"cpp": "cd $dir && g++ $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"objective-c": "cd $dir && gcc -framework Cocoa $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"php": "php",
"python": "$pythonPath -u $fullFileName",
"perl": "perl",
"perl6": "perl6",
"ruby": "ruby",
"go": "go run",
"lua": "lua",
"groovy": "groovy",
"powershell": "powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -File",
"bat": "cmd /c",
"shellscript": "bash",
"fsharp": "fsi",
"csharp": "scriptcs",
"vbscript": "cscript //Nologo",
"typescript": "ts-node",
"coffeescript": "coffee",
"scala": "scala",
"swift": "swift",
"julia": "julia",
"crystal": "crystal",
"ocaml": "ocaml",
"r": "Rscript",
"applescript": "osascript",
"clojure": "lein exec",
"haxe": "haxe --cwd $dirWithoutTrailingSlash --run $fileNameWithoutExt",
"rust": "cd $dir && rustc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"racket": "racket",
"scheme": "csi -script",
"ahk": "autohotkey",
"autoit": "autoit3",
"dart": "dart",
"pascal": "cd $dir && fpc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"d": "cd $dir && dmd $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"haskell": "runhaskell",
"nim": "nim compile --verbosity:0 --hints:off --run",
"lisp": "sbcl --script",
"kit": "kitc --run",
"v": "v run",
"sass": "sass --style expanded",
"scss": "scss --style expanded",
"less": "cd $dir && lessc $fileName $fileNameWithoutExt.css",
"FortranFreeForm": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"fortran-modern": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"fortran_fixed-form": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
"fortran": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt"
}
}
// 到这里对viscode扩展的了解到此为止，已经不影响以后使用了，所以先放到这，以后做了什么优化在回头更新。
浙公网安备 33010602011771号