1 #pragma once
  2 
  3 #include <iostream>
  4 #include <string>
  5 
  6 using std::cout;
  7 using std::endl;
  8 using std::string;
  9 
 10 // 发行/出版物类：Publisher （抽象类）
 11 class Publisher {
 12 public:
 13     Publisher(const string &s = "");            // 构造函数
 14 
 15 public:
 16     virtual void publish() const = 0;                 // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
 17     virtual void use() const = 0;                     // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
 18 
 19 protected:
 20     string name;    // 发行/出版物名称
 21 };
 22 
 23 Publisher::Publisher(const string &s): name {s} {
 24 }
 25 
 26 
 27 // 图书类: Book
 28 class Book: public Publisher {
 29 public:
 30     Book(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");  // 构造函数
 31 
 32 public:
 33     void publish() const override;        // 接口
 34     void use() const override;            // 接口
 35 
 36 private:
 37     string author;          // 作者
 38 };
 39 
 40 Book::Book(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, author{a} {
 41 }
 42 
 43 void Book::publish() const {
 44     cout << "Publishing book: 《" << name << "》 by " << author << endl;
 45 }
 46 
 47 void Book::use() const {
 48     cout << "Reading book: " << name << " by " << author << endl;
 49 }
 50 
 51 
 52 // 电影类: Film
 53 class Film: public Publisher {
 54 public:
 55     Film(const string &s = "", const string &d = "");   // 构造函数
 56 
 57 public:
 58     void publish() const override;    // 接口
 59     void use() const override;        // 接口            
 60 
 61 private:
 62     string director;        // 导演
 63 };
 64 
 65 Film::Film(const string &s, const string &d): Publisher{s}, director{d} {
 66 }
 67 
 68 void Film::publish() const {
 69     cout << "Publishing film: <" << name << "> directed by " << director << endl;
 70 }
 71 
 72 void Film::use() const {
 73     cout << "Watching film: " << name << " directed by " << director << endl;
 74 }
 75 
 76 
 77 // 音乐类：Music
 78 class Music: public Publisher {
 79 public:
 80     Music(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");
 81 
 82 public:
 83     void publish() const override;        // 接口
 84     void use() const override;            // 接口
 85 
 86 private:
 87     string artist;      // 音乐艺术家名称
 88 };
 89 
 90 
 91 
 92 
 93 #include "publisher.hpp"
 94 #include <vector>
 95 #include <typeinfo>
 96 
 97 using std::vector;
 98 
 99 void test() {
100    vector<Publisher *> v;
101 
102    v.push_back(new Book("Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling"));
103    v.push_back(new Film("The Godfather", "Francis Ford Coppola"));
104    v.push_back(new Music("Blowing in the wind", "Bob Dylan"));
105 
106    for(auto &ptr: v) {
107         cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << endl;  // 输出指针类型
108         cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << endl;    // 输出指针指向的对象类型
109         ptr->publish();
110         ptr->use();
111         cout << endl;
112    }
113 }
114 
115 int main() {
116     test();
117 }
task1

 

  1 #pragma once
  2 
  3 #include <string>
  4 #include <iostream>
  5 #include <iomanip>
  6 
  7 using std::string;
  8 using std::ostream;
  9 using std::endl;
 10 using std::setw;
 11 using std::left;
 12 
 13 class Book {
 14 public:
 15     Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price);
 16 
 17     friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book);
 18 
 19 private:
 20     string name;        // 书名
 21     string author;      // 作者
 22     string translator;  // 译者
 23     string isbn;        // isbn号
 24     float price;        // 定价
 25 };
 26 
 27 // 成员函数实现
 28 Book::Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price) {
 29     this->name = name;
 30     this->author = author;
 31     this->translator = translator;
 32     this->isbn = isbn;
 33     this->price = price;
 34 }
 35 
 36 // 友元实现
 37 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book) {
 38     out << left;
 39     out << setw(15) << "书名:" << book.name << endl
 40         << setw(15) << "作者:" << book.author << endl
 41         << setw(15) << "译者:" << book.translator << endl
 42         << setw(15) << "ISBN:" << book.isbn << endl
 43         << setw(15) << "定价:" << book.price;
 44 
 45     return out;
 46 }
 47 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 51 #pragma once
 52 
 53 #include "book.hpp"
 54 #include <iostream>
 55 #include <string>
 56 #include <iomanip>
 57 
 58 using std::string;
 59 using std::cout;
 60 using std::endl;
 61 using std::setw;
 62 
 63 class BookSale {
 64 public:
 65     BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount);
 66     int get_amount() const;
 67     
 68     friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item);
 69 
 70 private:
 71     Book rb;         
 72     float sales_price;      // 售价
 73     int sales_amount;       // 销售数量
 74     float revenue;          // 营收
 75 };
 76 
 77 // 成员函数实现
 78 BookSale::BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount): rb{b}, sales_price(price), sales_amount{amount} {  
 79     revenue = sales_amount * sales_price;
 80 }
 81 
 82 int BookSale::get_amount() const {
 83     return sales_amount;
 84 }
 85 
 86 // 友元函数实现
 87 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item) {
 88     out << left;
 89     out << item.rb << endl
 90         << setw(15) << "售价:" << item.sales_price << endl
 91         << setw(15) << "销售数量:" << item.sales_amount << endl
 92         << setw(15) << "营收:" << item.revenue;
 93 
 94     return out;
 95 }
 96 
 97 
 98 
 99 
100 #include "booksale.hpp"
101 #include <iostream>
102 #include <string>
103 #include <vector>
104 #include <algorithm>
105 
106 // 按图书销售数额比较
107 bool compare_by_amount(const BookSale &x1, const BookSale &x2) {
108     return x1.get_amount() > x2.get_amount();
109 }
110 
111 void test() {
112     using namespace std;
113 
114      vector<BookSale> sales_lst;         // 存放图书销售记录
115 
116      int books_number;
117     cout << "录入图书数量: ";
118     cin >> books_number;
119 
120     cout << "录入图书销售记录" << endl;
121     for(int i = 0; i < books_number; ++i) {
122         string name, author, translator, isbn;
123         float price;
124         cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "本图书信息录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
125         cout << "录入书名: "; cin >> name;
126         cout << "录入作者: "; cin >> author;
127         cout << "录入译者: "; cin >> translator;
128         cout << "录入isbn: "; cin >> isbn;
129         cout << "录入定价: "; cin >> price;
130 
131         Book book(name, author, translator, isbn, price);
132 
133         float sales_price;
134         int sales_amount;
135 
136         cout << "录入售价: "; cin >> sales_price;
137         cout << "录入销售数量: "; cin >> sales_amount;
138 
139         BookSale record(book, sales_price, sales_amount);
140         sales_lst.push_back(record);
141     }
142 
143     // 按销售册数排序
144     sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount);
145 
146     // 按销售册数降序输出图书销售信息
147     cout << string(20, '=') <<  "图书销售统计" << string(20, '=') << endl;
148     for(auto &t: sales_lst) {
149         cout << t << endl;
150         cout << string(40, '-') << endl;
151     }
152 }
153 
154 int main() {
155     test();
156 }
task2

 1 #ifndef PETS_HPP
 2 #define PETS_HPP
 3 
 4 #include <string>
 5 #include <iostream>
 6 
 7 class MachinePets {
 8 protected:
 9     std::string nickname; 
10 public:
11 
12     explicit MachinePets(const std::string &nickname) : nickname(nickname) {}
13 
14     virtual ~MachinePets() {}
15 
16     std::string get_nickname() const {
17         return nickname;
18     }
19 
20     virtual std::string talk() const = 0;
21 };
22 
23 class PetCats : public MachinePets {
24 public:
25 
26     explicit PetCats(const std::string &nickname) : MachinePets(nickname) {}
27 
28     std::string talk() const override {
29         return "miao~";
30     }
31 };
32 
33 class PetDogs : public MachinePets {
34 public:
35 
36     explicit PetDogs(const std::string &nickname) : MachinePets(nickname) {}
37 
38     std::string talk() const override {
39         return "wang wang~";
40     }
41 };
42 
43 #endif
44 
45 
46 #include <iostream>
47 #include <vector>
48 #include "pets.hpp"
49 
50 void test() {
51     using namespace std;
52 
53     vector<MachinePets *> pets;
54 
55     pets.push_back(new PetCats("miku"));
56     pets.push_back(new PetDogs("da huang"));
57 
58     for(auto &ptr: pets)
59         cout <<ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << endl;
60 }
61 
62 int main() {
63     test();
64 }
task3

 

 1 #ifndef FILM_HPP
 2 #define FILM_HPP
 3 
 4 #include <string>
 5 #include <iostream>
 6 
 7 // Film 类定义
 8 class Film {
 9 private:
10     std::string title;       // 片名
11     std::string director;    // 导演
12     std::string country;     // 制片国家/地区
13     int year;                // 上映年份
14 
15 public:
16     // 默认构造函数
17     Film() : title(""), director(""), country(""), year(0) {}
18 
19     // 带参数的构造函数
20     Film(const std::string &title, const std::string &director, const std::string &country, int year)
21         : title(title), director(director), country(country), year(year) {}
22 
23     // 输入流运算符重载，用于读取电影信息
24     friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Film &film) {
25         std::cout << "输入片名: ";
26         std::getline(is, film.title);
27         std::cout << "输入导演: ";
28         std::getline(is, film.director);
29         std::cout << "输入制片国家/地区: ";
30         std::getline(is, film.country);
31         std::cout << "输入上映年份: ";
32         is >> film.year;
33         is.ignore(); // 清除缓冲区中的换行符
34         return is;
35     }
36 
37     // 输出流运算符重载，用于输出电影信息
38     friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Film &film) {
39         os << film.title << "\t" << film.director << "\t" << film.country << "\t" << film.year;
40         return os;
41     }
42 
43     // 按年份排序的比较函数
44     static bool compare_by_year(const Film &a, const Film &b) {
45         return a.year < b.year;
46     }
47 };
48 
49 #endif // FILM_HPP
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 #include "film.hpp"
55 #include <iostream>
56 #include <string>
57 #include <vector>
58 #include <algorithm>
59 
60 void test() {
61     using namespace std;
62     
63     int n;
64     cout << "输入电影数目: ";
65     cin >> n;
66 
67     cout << "录入" << n << "部影片信息" << endl;
68     vector<Film> film_lst;
69     for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
70         Film f;
71         cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "部影片录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
72         cin >> f;
73         film_lst.push_back(f);
74     }
75 
76     // 按发行年份升序排序
77     sort(film_lst.begin(), film_lst.end(), compare_by_year);
78 
79     cout << string(20, '=') + "电影信息(按发行年份)" +  string(20, '=')<< endl;
80     for(auto &f: film_lst)
81         cout << f << endl;
82 }
83 
84 int main() {
85     test();
86 }
task4

  1 #include "Complex.hpp"
  2 #include <iostream>
  3 
  4 using std::cin;
  5 using std::cout;
  6 using std::endl;
  7 using std::boolalpha;
  8 
  9 void test1() {
 10     Complex<int> c1(2, -5), c2(c1);
 11 
 12     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
 13     cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
 14     cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
 15     
 16     c1 += c2;
 17     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
 18     cout << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;
 19 }
 20 
 21 void test2() {
 22     Complex<double> c1, c2;
 23     cout << "Enter c1 and c2: ";
 24     cin >> c1 >> c2;
 25     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
 26     cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
 27 
 28     cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;
 29     cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;
 30 }
 31 
 32 int main() {
 33     cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试1: " << endl;
 34     test1();
 35 
 36     cout << endl;
 37 
 38     cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试2: " << endl;
 39     test2();
 40 }
 41 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 #ifndef COMPLEX_HPP
 46 #define COMPLEX_HPP
 47 
 48 #include <iostream>
 49 
 50 // 模板类 Complex 定义
 51 template <typename T>
 52 class Complex {
 53 private:
 54     T real; // 实部
 55     T imag; // 虚部
 56 
 57 public:
 58     // 默认构造函数
 59     Complex() : real(0), imag(0) {}
 60 
 61     // 带参数构造函数
 62     Complex(T real, T imag) : real(real), imag(imag) {}
 63 
 64     // 拷贝构造函数
 65     Complex(const Complex &other) : real(other.real), imag(other.imag) {}
 66 
 67     // 获取实部
 68     T get_real() const {
 69         return real;
 70     }
 71 
 72     // 获取虚部
 73     T get_imag() const {
 74         return imag;
 75     }
 76 
 77     // 运算符重载：加法
 78     Complex operator+(const Complex &other) const {
 79         return Complex(real + other.real, imag + other.imag);
 80     }
 81 
 82     // 运算符重载：+=
 83     Complex &operator+=(const Complex &other) {
 84         real += other.real;
 85         imag += other.imag;
 86         return *this;
 87     }
 88 
 89     // 运算符重载：相等比较
 90     bool operator==(const Complex &other) const {
 91         return real == other.real && imag == other.imag;
 92     }
 93 
 94     // 运算符重载：输入流
 95     friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Complex &c) {
 96         std::cout << "Real part: ";
 97         is >> c.real;
 98         std::cout << "Imaginary part: ";
 99         is >> c.imag;
100         return is;
101     }
102 
103     // 运算符重载：输出流
104     friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Complex &c) {
105         os << c.real << " + " << c.imag << "i";
106         return os;
107     }
108 };
109 
110 #endif // COMPLEX_HPP
task5

1 date.h
  2 #pragma once
  3 class Date {
  4 private:
  5     int year;
  6     int month;
  7     int day;
  8     int totalDays;
  9 public:
 10     Date(int year, int month, int day);
 11     int getYear()const { return year; }
 12     int getMonth()const { return month; }
 13     int getDay()const { return day; }
 14     int getMaxDay()const;
 15     bool isLeapYear()const {
 16         return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
 17     }
 18     void show() const;
 19     int operator-(const Date& date)const {
 20         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
 21     }
 22 };
 23 
 24 date.cpp
 25 #include"date.h"
 26 #include<iostream>
 27 #include<cstdlib>
 28 using namespace std;
 29 namespace {
 30     const int DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304 ,334,365 };
 31 }
 32 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
 33     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
 34         cout << "Invalid date: ";
 35         show();
 36         cout << endl;
 37         exit(1);
 38     }
 39     int years = year - 1;
 40     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
 41     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
 42 }
 43 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
 44     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
 45         return 29;
 46     else return DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1];
 47 }
 48 void Date::show()const {
 49     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
 50 }
 51 
 52 accumulator.h
 53 #pragma once
 54 #include "date.h"
 55 class Accumulator {
 56 private:
 57     Date lastDate;
 58     double value;
 59     double sum;
 60 public:
 61     Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } {}
 62     double getSum(const Date& date) const {
 63         return sum + value * (date-lastDate);
 64     }
 65     void change(const Date& date, double value) {
 66         sum = getSum(date);
 67         lastDate = date;
 68         this->value = value;
 69     }
 70     void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
 71         lastDate = date;
 72         this->value;
 73         sum = 0;
 74     }
 75 };
 76 
 77 account.h
 78 #pragma once
 79 #include"date.h"
 80 #include"accumulator.h"
 81 #include<string>
 82 using namespace std;
 83 class Account {
 84 private:
 85     string id;
 86     double balance;
 87     static double total;
 88 protected:
 89     Account(const Date& date, const string& id);
 90     void record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
 91     void error(const string& msg) const;
 92 public:const string& getId() { return id; }
 93       double getBalance()const { return balance; }
 94       static double getTotal() { return total; }
 95       virtual void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
 96       virtual void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
 97       virtual void settle(const Date& date) = 0;
 98       virtual void show()const;
 99 };
100 class SavingsAccount :public Account {
101 private:
102     Accumulator acc;
103     double rate;
104 public:
105     SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);
106     double getRate() const { return  rate; }
107     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
108     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
109     void settle(const Date& date);
110 };
111 class CreditAccount :public Account {
112 private:
113     Accumulator acc;
114     double credit;
115     double rate;
116     double fee;
117     double getDebt()const {
118         double balance = getBalance();
119         return(balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
120     }
121 public:CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
122       double getCredit()const { return credit; }
123       double getRate()const { return rate; }
124       double getFee() const { return fee; }
125       double getAvailableCredit()const {
126           if (getBalance() < 0)return credit + getBalance();
127           else return credit;
128       }
129       void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
130       void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
131       void settle(const Date& date);
132       void show()const;
133 };
134 
135 account.cpp
136 #include "account.h"
137 #include <cmath>
138 #include<iostream>
139 using namespace std;
140 double Account::total = 0;
141 Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) :id(id), balance(0) {
142     date.show();
143     cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
144 }
145 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
146     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
147     balance += amount;
148     total += amount;
149     date.show();
150     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
151 }
152 void Account::show()const { cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance; }
153 void Account::error(const string& msg)const {
154     cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
155 }
156 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}
157 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
158     record(date, amount, desc);
159     acc.change(date, getBalance());
160 }
161 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
162     if (amount > getBalance()) {
163         error("not enough money");
164     }
165     else {
166         record(date, -amount, desc);
167         acc.change(date, getBalance());
168     }
169 }
170 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
171     if (date.getMonth() == 1) {
172         double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
173         if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
174         acc.reset(date, getBalance());
175     }
176 }
177 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee) :Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}
178 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
179     record(date, amount, desc);
180     acc.change(date, getDebt());
181 }
182 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
183     if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
184         error("not enouogh credit");
185     }
186     else {
187         record(date, -amount, desc);
188         acc.change(date, getDebt());
189     }
190 }
191 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
192     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
193     if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
194     if (date.getMonth() == 1)record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
195     acc.reset(date, getDebt());
196 }
197 void CreditAccount::show()const {
198     Account::show();
199     cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
200 }
201 
202 cpp
203 #include"account.h"
204 #include<iostream>
205 using namespace std;
206 int main() {
207     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
208     SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
209     SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
210     CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
211     Account* accounts[] = { &sa1,&sa2,&ca };
212     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);
213     cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
214     char cmd;
215     do {
216         date.show();
217         cout << "\tTotal:" << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";
218         int index, day;
219         double amount;
220         string desc;
221         cin >> cmd;
222         switch (cmd) {
223         case 'd':
224             cin >> index >> amount;
225             getline(cin, desc);
226             accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
227             break;
228 
229         case 'w':
230             cin >> index >> amount;
231             getline(cin, desc);
232             accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
233             break;
234         case 's':
235             for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
236                 cout << "[" << i << "]";
237                 accounts[i]->show();
238                 cout << endl;
239             }
240             break;
241 
242         case 'c':
243             cin >> day;
244             if (day < date.getDay()) {
245                 cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
246             }
247             else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
248                 cout << "Invalid day";
249             else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
250             break;
251         case 'n':
252             if (date.getMonth() == 12)
253                 date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
254             else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
255             for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
256                 accounts[i]->settle(date);
257             }
258             break;
259         }
260     } while (cmd != 'e');
261     return 0;
262 }
task6