python 装饰器应用
1 注册回调函数
下面这个示例展示了通过URL的路由来调用相关注册的函数示例：
class MyApp():
def __init__(self):
self.func_map = {}
def register(self, name):
def func_wrapper(func):
self.func_map[name] = func
return func
return func_wrapper
def call_method(self, name=None):
func = self.func_map.get(name, None)
if func is None:
raise Exception("No function registered against - " + str(name))
return func()
app = MyApp()
@app.register('/')
def main_page_func():
return "This is the main page."
@app.register('/next_page')
def next_page_func():
return "This is the next page."
print app.call_method('/')
print app.call_method('/next_page')
注意：
1）上面这个示例中，用类的实例来做decorator。
2）decorator类中没有__call__()，但是wrapper返回了原函数。所以，原函数没有发生任何变化。
2 打印日志
from functools import wraps
import inspect
def get_line_number():
return inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_back.f_lineno
def logger(loglevel):
def log_decorator(fn):
@wraps(fn)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
ts = time.time()
result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
te = time.time()
print "function = " + fn.__name__,
print " arguments = {0} {1}".format(args, kwargs)
#print " return = {0}".format(result)
print " time = %.6f sec" % (te-ts)
if (loglevel == 'debug'):
print " called_from_line : " + str(get_line_number())
return result
return wrapper
return log_decoratorspam(1,2,3)
3 调用追踪
import sys,os,linecache
def trace(f):
def globaltrace(frame, why, arg):
if why == "call": return localtrace
return None
def localtrace(frame=1, why=2, arg=4):
if why == "line":
# record the file name and line number of every trace
filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
lineno = frame.f_lineno
bname = os.path.basename(filename)
print "{}({}): {}".format( bname,
lineno,
linecache.getline(filename, lineno)),
return localtrace
def _f(*args, **kwds):
sys.settrace(globaltrace)
result = f(*args, **kwds)
sys.settrace(None)
return result
return _f
@trace
def xxx():
a=1
print a
xxx() #调用
4 单例模式
# coding=utf-8
# 测试utf-8编码
# 单例装饰器
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
# 使用装饰器实现简单的单例模式
def singleton(cls):
instances = dict() # 初始为空
def _singleton(*args, **kwargs):
if cls not in instances: #如果不存在, 则创建并放入字典
instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
return instances[cls]
return _singleton
@singleton
class Test(object):
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
t1 = Test()
t2 = Test()
# 两者具有相同的地址
print t1
print t2
