网络编程

网络编程

1.1 概述

  • 地球村

  • 计算机网络:是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统、网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。

  • 网络编程的目的:

    • 数据交换

    • 通信

  • 想要达到这个效果需要什么:

    • 如何准确定位网络上的一台主机 端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
    • 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据

javaweb:网页编程 B/S

网络编程:TCP/IP C/S

1.2 网络通信的要素

  • 如何实现网络通信?

    通信双方的地址:ip 端口号

规则:网络通信的协议:TCP/IP

OSI七层网络模型 TCP/IP四层概念模型 对应网络协议
应用层(Application) 应用层 HTTP、TFTP、NFS、WAIS、SMTP
表示层(Presentation) 应用层 Telnet、Riogin、SNMP、Gopher
会话层(Session) 应用层 SMTP、DNS
传输层(Transport) 传输层 TCP,UDP
网络层(Network) 网络层 IP、ICMP、ARP、RARP、AKP、UUCP
数据链路层(Data Link) 数据链路层 FDDI、Ethernet、Arpanet、PDN、SLIP、PPP
物理层(Physical) 数据链路层 IEEE 802.1A、IEEE 802.2到IEEE 802.11

小结:

  1. 网络编程中有两个主要的问题:

    • 如何准确定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机。
    • 找到主机之后进行通信。
  2. 网络编程中的要素:

    • IP和端口号
    • 网络通信协议 udp,tcp
  3. 万物皆可对象。

1.3 IP

IP地址:InternetAddress

  • 唯一定位一台网络上计算机。

  • 127.0.0.1:本机localhost.

  • ip地址的分类:

    • ipv4/ipv6

      • ipv4 127.0.0.1,4个字节组成,0-255 在2011年用尽。

      • ipv6 128位 8个无符号整数

        2001;0bb2;aaaa;0015;0000;0000;1aaa;1312
        
    • 公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)

      • A类地址:8位 1.0.0.0--127.255.255.255

      • B类地址:128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255

      • C类地址:192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255

      • D类地址:224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255

      • 192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用

  • 域名:记忆IP问题!

    • IP
package NetProgram;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3=InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);
            //查询网站地址
            //InetAddress  inetAddress2=InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            //常用方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress1.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress1.getCanonicalHostName());//规范名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

1.4 端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口号。用来区分软件。

  • 被规定 0-65535

  • TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80,udp:80吗 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突

  • 端口分类

    • 公有端口 0-1023

      • HTTP:80

      • HTTPS:443

      • FTP:21

      • Telent:23

    • 程序注册端口:1024-49151 分配给用户或者程序

      • Tomcat:8080

      • MySQL:3306

      • Orale:1521

    • 动态、私有:49152-65535

      netsat-ano #查看所有端口
      netsat-ano|findstr "5900"#查看指定的端口
      tasklist|findstr"8696" #查看指定端口的进程
      Ctrl+Shift+WSC打开任务管理器
      
      package NetProgram;
      
      import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
      
      public class TestInetSocketAddress {
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              InetSocketAddress socketAddress=new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
              InetSocketAddress socketAddress2=new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
              boolean socketAddres = false;
              System.out.println(socketAddres);
              System.out.println(socketAddress2);
              System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
              System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());
              System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
          }
      }
      

1.5 通信协议

网络通信协议:速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制。。。。

TCP/IP协议簇

  • TCP:用户传输协议
  • UDP:用户数据报协议

出名的协议:

  • TCP:

  • IP:网络互连协议

TCP和UDP对比:

  • TCP:打电话

    • 连接、稳定

    • 三次握手,四次挥手

      最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
      A:你瞅啥?
      B:瞅你咋地?
      A:干一场!
          
          
      A:我要断开了!
      B:我知道你要断开了?
      B:你真的要断开了吗?
      A:我真的要断开了!
      
    • 客户端、服务端

    • 传输完成,释放连接,效率低

  • UDP:发短信

    • 不连接,不稳定
    • 客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
    • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
    • 导弹
    • DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)

1.6 TCP

  • 客户端
  1. 连接服务器,通过Socket

  2. 发送消息

package NetProgram;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket=null;
        OutputStream os=null;
        //1.重要服务器的地址
        try {
            InetAddress serverIP=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //2.编号
            int port=9999;
            //3.创建一个socket连接
            socket=new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //4.发送消息 IO流
             os=socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好,欢迎学习".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            if (os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
  • 服务器

    1. 建立服务的端口ServerSocket

    2. 等待用户的链接 accept

    3. 接收用的信息

package NetProgram;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServer {
    private static RuntimeException runtimeException;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        //1.我有个地址
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2.等待客户端连接过来
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //3.读取客户端的消息
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //管道流
             baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw runtimeException;
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (baos != null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
                if (is != null) {
                    try {
                        is.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }
                    if (socket != null) {
                        try {
                            socket.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            throw new RuntimeException(e);
                        }
                        if (serverSocket != null) {
                            try {
                                serverSocket.close();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                throw new RuntimeException(e);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

文件上传

服务器端

package NetProgram;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class TcpServerDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端的连接
       Socket socket= serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
        //3.获取输入流
        InputStream is=socket.getInputStream();
        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知客户端我接收完毕了
        OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
        //关闭窗口
        is.close();
        fos.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}
客户端
package NetProgram;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpClientDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.创建一个Socket链接
       Socket socket=new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.读文件
        FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(new File("xiaoxiannv"));//照片路径
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
        int len ;
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知服务器,我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
        //确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream=socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2=new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());
        //5.关闭资源
        baos.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

Tomcat

服务端

  • 自定义
  • Tomcat服务器:Java后台开发

客户端

  • 自定义
  • 浏览器

1.7 UDP

发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址。

发送消息

发送端

package NetProgram;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;

//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

    //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket();
    //2.建个包
        String msg="你好,服务器";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port=9090;
        //数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length);
    //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }

}

接收端

package NetProgram;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
       byte[] buffer= new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

咨询

循环发送消息

package NetProgram;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpSend {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        //准备数据:控制台读取 System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while (true) {
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
            socket.send(packet);
            if (data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环接收消息

package NetProgram;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpReceive {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

        //准备接收包裹

        while (true) {
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);
            //断开连接
            byte[] data=packet.getData();
            String receivedata=new String(data,0, data.length);
            System.out.println(receivedata);
            if (receivedata.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}
package NetProgram;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    BufferedReader reader=null;
    private String fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;
    public TalkSend(String fromPort,String toIP,int toPort) {
        this.fromPort=fromPort;
        this.toIP=toIP;
        this.toPort=toPort;
        try {
            socket=new DatagramSocket(Integer.parseInt(fromPort));
            reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            DatagramSocket socket1=new DatagramSocket(Integer.parseInt(fromPort));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            
            try {
                String data = null;
                data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
            } }catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            }
        socket.close();
        }
        
        }
package NetProgram;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port){
        this.port=port;
        try {
            socket=new DatagramSocket();
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {

        //准备接收包裹

        while (true) {
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            try {
                socket.receive(packet);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            //断开连接
            byte[] data=packet.getData();
            String receivedata=new String(data,0, data.length);
            System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receivedata);
            if (receivedata.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}
package NetProgram;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhpst",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}
package NetProgram;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

1.8 URL

统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源

DNS :域名解析

协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package NetProgram;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLdemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
       URL url= new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloword/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机IP
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
    }
}

下载网络地址

package NetProgram;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.下载地址
        URL url=new URL("http://localhost:8080/qinjiang/SwcurityFile.txt");
        //2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream=urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("SwcurityFile.txt");
        byte[] buffer= new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
    }
}
posted @ 2023-06-03 16:09  努力的小L  阅读(49)  评论(0)    收藏  举报