网络编程
网络编程
1.1 概述
-
地球村
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计算机网络:是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统、网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
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网络编程的目的:
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数据交换
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通信
-
-
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如何准确定位网络上的一台主机 端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2 网络通信的要素
-
如何实现网络通信?
通信双方的地址:ip 端口号
规则:网络通信的协议:TCP/IP
| OSI七层网络模型 | TCP/IP四层概念模型 | 对应网络协议 |
|---|---|---|
| 应用层(Application) | 应用层 | HTTP、TFTP、NFS、WAIS、SMTP |
| 表示层(Presentation) | 应用层 | Telnet、Riogin、SNMP、Gopher |
| 会话层(Session) | 应用层 | SMTP、DNS |
| 传输层(Transport) | 传输层 | TCP,UDP |
| 网络层(Network) | 网络层 | IP、ICMP、ARP、RARP、AKP、UUCP |
| 数据链路层(Data Link) | 数据链路层 | FDDI、Ethernet、Arpanet、PDN、SLIP、PPP |
| 物理层(Physical) | 数据链路层 | IEEE 802.1A、IEEE 802.2到IEEE 802.11 |
小结:
-
网络编程中有两个主要的问题:
- 如何准确定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机。
- 找到主机之后进行通信。
-
网络编程中的要素:
- IP和端口号
- 网络通信协议 udp,tcp
-
万物皆可对象。
1.3 IP
IP地址:InternetAddress
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唯一定位一台网络上计算机。
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127.0.0.1:本机localhost.
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ip地址的分类:
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ipv4/ipv6
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ipv4 127.0.0.1,4个字节组成,0-255 在2011年用尽。
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ipv6 128位 8个无符号整数
2001;0bb2;aaaa;0015;0000;0000;1aaa;1312
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公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
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A类地址:8位 1.0.0.0--127.255.255.255
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B类地址:128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255
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C类地址:192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255
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D类地址:224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255
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192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用
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-
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域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP
package NetProgram;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3=InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站地址
//InetAddress inetAddress2=InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getCanonicalHostName());//规范名字
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
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不同的进程有不同的端口号。用来区分软件。
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被规定 0-65535
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TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80,udp:80吗 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
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端口分类
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公有端口 0-1023
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HTTP:80
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HTTPS:443
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FTP:21
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Telent:23
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程序注册端口:1024-49151 分配给用户或者程序
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Tomcat:8080
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MySQL:3306
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Orale:1521
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动态、私有:49152-65535
netsat-ano #查看所有端口 netsat-ano|findstr "5900"#查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr"8696" #查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl+Shift+WSC打开任务管理器package NetProgram; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress=new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2=new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); boolean socketAddres = false; System.out.println(socketAddres); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口 } }
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1.5 通信协议
网络通信协议:速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制。。。。
TCP/IP协议簇
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
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TCP:
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IP:网络互连协议
TCP和UDP对比:
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TCP:打电话
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连接、稳定
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三次握手,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要断开了! B:我知道你要断开了? B:你真的要断开了吗? A:我真的要断开了! -
客户端、服务端
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传输完成,释放连接,效率低
-
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UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP
- 客户端
-
连接服务器,通过Socket
-
发送消息
package NetProgram;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket=null;
OutputStream os=null;
//1.重要服务器的地址
try {
InetAddress serverIP=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//2.编号
int port=9999;
//3.创建一个socket连接
socket=new Socket(serverIP,port);
//4.发送消息 IO流
os=socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
}
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服务器
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建立服务的端口ServerSocket
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等待用户的链接 accept
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接收用的信息
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package NetProgram;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServer {
private static RuntimeException runtimeException;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
//1.我有个地址
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw runtimeException;
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package NetProgram;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TcpServerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket= serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is=socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭窗口
is.close();
fos.close();
socket.close();
}
}
客户端
package NetProgram;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建一个Socket链接
Socket socket=new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读文件
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(new File("xiaoxiannv"));//照片路径
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len ;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream=socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2=new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义
- Tomcat服务器:Java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义
- 浏览器
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址。
发送消息
发送端
package NetProgram;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg="你好,服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port=9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package NetProgram;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer= new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
循环发送消息
package NetProgram;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSend {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
package NetProgram;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
//准备接收包裹
while (true) {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接
byte[] data=packet.getData();
String receivedata=new String(data,0, data.length);
System.out.println(receivedata);
if (receivedata.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package NetProgram;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket=null;
BufferedReader reader=null;
private String fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(String fromPort,String toIP,int toPort) {
this.fromPort=fromPort;
this.toIP=toIP;
this.toPort=toPort;
try {
socket=new DatagramSocket(Integer.parseInt(fromPort));
reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
DatagramSocket socket1=new DatagramSocket(Integer.parseInt(fromPort));
} catch (SocketException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = null;
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
} }catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package NetProgram;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket=null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port){
this.port=port;
try {
socket=new DatagramSocket();
} catch (SocketException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备接收包裹
while (true) {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
//断开连接
byte[] data=packet.getData();
String receivedata=new String(data,0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receivedata);
if (receivedata.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package NetProgram;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhpst",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package NetProgram;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS :域名解析
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package NetProgram;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLdemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url= new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloword/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
下载网络地址
package NetProgram;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.下载地址
URL url=new URL("http://localhost:8080/qinjiang/SwcurityFile.txt");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream=urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("SwcurityFile.txt");
byte[] buffer= new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}

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