读写配置文件
.net Framework 2.0 专门提供了配置文件的操作。
namespace System.Configuration;
1. 创建配置节类
必须创建继承自ConfigurationSection的对象才能进行配置数据读写操作，ConfigurationSection提供了索引器用来获取和设置配置数据，需要注意的是拥有ConfigurationProperty特性的属性才会被存储，并且名称要保持大小写完全一致，如下面的代码中，所有的"id"必须保持一样。
class ConfigSectionData : ConfigurationSection
{
[ConfigurationProperty("id")]
public int Id
{
get { return (int) this["id"]; }
set { this["id"] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty("time")]
public DateTime Time
{
get { return (DateTime) this["time"]; }
set { this["time"] = value; }
}
}
2. 创建配置文件操作对象
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 1000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
config.Sections.Add("add", data);
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
上面的例子是操作 app.config，在根节点(configuration)下写入名称为"add"的配置数据。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="add" type="ConsoleApplication1.ConfigSectionData, 
/>
</configSections>
<add id="1000" time="02/18/2006 21:51:06" />
</configuration>
需要注意的 VS2005 在IDE模式下会将信息写入 *.vshost.exe.config，并且在程序关闭时覆写该文件，因此您可能看不到您写入的配置数据，只要在资源管理其中执行 *.exe 文件，您就可以在 *.exe.config 文件中看到结果了。
如果我们需要操作非缺省配置文件，可以使用ExeConfigurationFileMap对象。
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 1000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
config.Sections.Add("add", data);
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
如果我们不希望在根节点下写入配置数据，可以使用ConfigurationSectionGroup对象。
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 1000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
config.SectionGroups.Add("group1", new ConfigurationSectionGroup());
config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Add("add", data);
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
下面就是生成的配置文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<sectionGroup name="group1" type="System.Configuration.ConfigurationSectionGroup, >
<section name="add" type="ConsoleApplication1.ConfigSectionData, />
</sectionGroup>
</configSections>
<group1>
<add id="1000" time="02/18/2006 22:01:02" />
</group1>
</configuration>
3. 读取配置文件
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections["add"] as ConfigSectionData;
//ConfigSectionData data = config.Sections["add"] as ConfigSectionData; // 从根节读取
if (data != null)
{
Console.WriteLine(data.Id);
Console.WriteLine(data.Time);
}
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 2000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
ConfigurationSectionGroup group1 = config.SectionGroups["group1"];
if (group1 == null)
config.SectionGroups.Add("group1", new ConfigurationSectionGroup());
ConfigurationSection data = group1.Sections["add"] as config;
if (add == null)
config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Add("add", data);
else
{
group1.Sections.Remove("add");
group1.Sections.Add("add", data);
// 或者直接修改原配置对象，前提是类型转换要成功。
//ConfigSectionData configData = add as ConfigSectionData;
//configData.Id = data.Id;
//configData.Time = data.Time;
}
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
config.SectionGroups.Remove("group1");
//config.SectionGroups.Clear();
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
config.Sections.Remove("add1");
//config.Sections.Clear();
if (config.SectionGroups["group1"] != null)
{
config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Remove("add2");
//config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Clear();
}
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Globalization;
using System.ComponentModel;
// 要写入配置文件的自定义类
class CustomData
{
public CustomData(string s)
{
this.s = s;
}
private string s;
public string S
{
get { return s; }
set { s = value; }
}
}
// 自定义的转换器(演示代码省略了类型判断)
class CustomConvert : ConfigurationConverterBase
{
public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, Type type)
{
return (type == typeof(string));
}
public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, CultureInfo ci, object value, Type type)
{
return (value as CustomData).S;
}
public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, CultureInfo ci, object data)
{
return new CustomData((string) data);
;
}
}
class ConfigSectionData : ConfigurationSection
{
[ConfigurationProperty("id")]
public int Id
{
get { return (int) this["id"]; }
set { this["id"] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty("time")]
public DateTime Time
{
get { return (DateTime) this["time"]; }
set { this["time"] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty("custom")]
[TypeConverter(typeof(CustomConvert))] // 指定转换器
public CustomData Custom
{
get { return (CustomData) this["custom"]; }
set { this["custom"] = value; }
}
}
public class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 1000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
data.Custom = new CustomData("abcdefg");
config.Sections.Add("add", data);
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
// 读取测试
ConfigSectionData configData = (ConfigSectionData) config.Sections["add"];
Console.WriteLine(configData.Custom.S);
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="add" type="" />
</configSections>
<add id="1000" time="04/17/2006 22:06:58" custom="abcdefg" />
</configuration>
namespace System.Configuration;
1. 创建配置节类
必须创建继承自ConfigurationSection的对象才能进行配置数据读写操作，ConfigurationSection提供了索引器用来获取和设置配置数据，需要注意的是拥有ConfigurationProperty特性的属性才会被存储，并且名称要保持大小写完全一致，如下面的代码中，所有的"id"必须保持一样。
class ConfigSectionData : ConfigurationSection{
[ConfigurationProperty("id")] public int Id {
get { return (int) this["id"]; } set { this["id"] = value; } } [ConfigurationProperty("time")] public DateTime Time { get { return (DateTime) this["time"]; } set { this["time"] = value; } }}2. 创建配置文件操作对象
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();data.Id = 1000;data.Time = DateTime.Now;config.Sections.Add("add", data);config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);上面的例子是操作 app.config，在根节点(configuration)下写入名称为"add"的配置数据。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><configuration> <configSections> <section name="add" type="ConsoleApplication1.ConfigSectionData, /> </configSections> <add id="1000" time="02/18/2006 21:51:06" /></configuration>需要注意的 VS2005 在IDE模式下会将信息写入 *.vshost.exe.config，并且在程序关闭时覆写该文件，因此您可能看不到您写入的配置数据，只要在资源管理其中执行 *.exe 文件，您就可以在 *.exe.config 文件中看到结果了。
如果我们需要操作非缺省配置文件，可以使用ExeConfigurationFileMap对象。
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();data.Id = 1000;data.Time = DateTime.Now;config.Sections.Add("add", data);config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);如果我们不希望在根节点下写入配置数据，可以使用ConfigurationSectionGroup对象。
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();data.Id = 1000;data.Time = DateTime.Now;config.SectionGroups.Add("group1", new ConfigurationSectionGroup());config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Add("add", data);config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);下面就是生成的配置文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="group1" type="System.Configuration.ConfigurationSectionGroup, > <section name="add" type="ConsoleApplication1.ConfigSectionData, /> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <group1> <add id="1000" time="02/18/2006 22:01:02" /> </group1></configuration>3. 读取配置文件
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);ConfigSectionData data = config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections["add"] as ConfigSectionData;//ConfigSectionData data = config.Sections["add"] as ConfigSectionData; // 从根节读取if (data != null){ Console.WriteLine(data.Id); Console.WriteLine(data.Time);}
4. 写配置文件
在写入 ConfigurationSectionGroup 和 ConfigurationSection 前要判断同名配置是否已经存在，否则会写入失败。
另外如果配置文件被其他Configuration对象修改，则保存会失败，并抛出异常。建议采用Singleton模式。
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();data.Id = 2000;data.Time = DateTime.Now;ConfigurationSectionGroup group1 = config.SectionGroups["group1"];if (group1 == null) config.SectionGroups.Add("group1", new ConfigurationSectionGroup());ConfigurationSection data = group1.Sections["add"] as config;if (add == null) config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Add("add", data);else{ group1.Sections.Remove("add"); group1.Sections.Add("add", data); // 或者直接修改原配置对象，前提是类型转换要成功。 //ConfigSectionData configData = add as ConfigSectionData; //configData.Id = data.Id; //configData.Time = data.Time;}config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);5. 删除配置节
删除ConfigurationSectionGroup
config.SectionGroups.Remove("group1");//config.SectionGroups.Clear();config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);config.Sections.Remove("add1");//config.Sections.Clear();if (config.SectionGroups["group1"] != null){ config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Remove("add2"); //config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Clear();}config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);6. 其他
可以使用 ConfigurationManager.OpenMachineConfiguration() 来操作 Machine.config 文件。
或者使用 System.Web.Configuration 名字空间中的 WebConfigurationManager 类来操作 ASP.net 配置文件。
ConfigurationManager还提供了AppSettings、ConnectionStrings、GetSection()等便捷操作。
7. 使用自定义类
2006-4-17 补充，回复 ggy 网友的疑问。
引用至 ggy
比如ConfigSectionData里面
除了简单类型之外，可不可以有自定义的类
可以使用自定义类，不过需要定义一个转换器。
using System;using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Configuration;using System.Globalization;using System.ComponentModel;// 要写入配置文件的自定义类class CustomData{ public CustomData(string s) { this.s = s; } private string s; public string S { get { return s; } set { s = value; } }}// 自定义的转换器(演示代码省略了类型判断)class CustomConvert : ConfigurationConverterBase{ public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, Type type) { return (type == typeof(string)); } public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, CultureInfo ci, object value, Type type) { return (value as CustomData).S; } public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, CultureInfo ci, object data) { return new CustomData((string) data); ; }}class ConfigSectionData : ConfigurationSection{ [ConfigurationProperty("id")] public int Id { get { return (int) this["id"]; } set { this["id"] = value; } } [ConfigurationProperty("time")] public DateTime Time { get { return (DateTime) this["time"]; } set { this["time"] = value; } } [ConfigurationProperty("custom")] [TypeConverter(typeof(CustomConvert))] // 指定转换器 public CustomData Custom { get { return (CustomData) this["custom"]; } set { this["custom"] = value; } }}public class Program{ static void Main(string[] args) { Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None); ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData(); data.Id = 1000; data.Time = DateTime.Now; data.Custom = new CustomData("abcdefg"); config.Sections.Add("add", data); config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal); // 读取测试 ConfigSectionData configData = (ConfigSectionData) config.Sections["add"]; Console.WriteLine(configData.Custom.S); }}保存后的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><configuration> <configSections> <section name="add" type="" /> </configSections> <add id="1000" time="04/17/2006 22:06:58" custom="abcdefg" /></configuration>更详细的信息可以看 MSDN 中关于 System.Configuration.ConfigurationConverterBase 的说明。
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