SqlServer性能优化 查询和索引优化(十二)

查询优化的过程:

 查询优化:

    功能:分析语句后最终生成执行计划

    分析:获取操作语句参数

    索引选择

   Join算法选择

 

创建测试的表:

select * into EmployeeOp from AdventureWorks2014.HumanResources.Employee

 建立非聚集索引:

 create nonclustered index  nc_employee_vacationhours on employeeop(vacationhours)

 执行语句:

  select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>40   --table  scan>10%

 

执行语句:

  select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>99   --nonclustered index

 

查询结果集的数据范围影响对索引的选择。

 

两个查询条件:

	select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>40
and SickLeaveHours>60--scan

 

 

Sqlserver 的查询结果集会认为用哪个列查询的结果少,就选择哪个。在去and 的第二个结果,最终返回结果集。

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>99
and SickLeaveHours>60--nonclustered index nc_employee_vacationhours

 

单独选择:

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where SickLeaveHours>60--table scan

 

 

 创建非聚集索引:

create nonclustered index nc_employee_sickleavehours on EmployeeOp(SickLeaveHours)

 执行:

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where SickLeaveHours>60--table scan

 执行:

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where SickLeaveHours>88--nc_employee_sickleavehours

 

执行:

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>99
and SickLeaveHours>88--nonclustered index nc_employee_vacationhours

 

 

 在两列上做一个索引:

create nonclustered index nc_employee_vacationsickleavehours on EmployeeOp(VacationHours,SickLeaveHours)

 执行语句:(使用了符合索引)

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>99
and SickLeaveHours>88-- nc_employee_vacationsickleavehours 

 

执行:(随机)

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>99
--nc_employee_vacationhours  nc_employee_vacationsickleavehours

 执行:

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where SickLeaveHours>88
--nc_employee_sickleavehours

 执行:

select * from EmployeeOp where SickLeaveHours>88 --nc_employee_sickleavehours

 创建聚集索引:

  create clustered index c_Employee_BusinessEntityID on EmployeeOp(BusinessEntityID)

 执行:

select * from EmployeeOp where SickLeaveHours>88 --nc_employee_sickleavehours key连 c_ID聚集索引

 

 

建立include索引:

create nonclustered index nc_employee_vacationsickleavehoursinclude on EmployeeOp(VacationHours,
SickLeaveHours) include(LoginID,JobTitle)

 执行:

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>99
and SickLeaveHours>88 --nc_employee_vacationsickleavehoursinclude

 

执行:(采用覆盖索引)

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>60
and SickLeaveHours>10--nc_employee_vacationsickleavehoursinclude--0.0048

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>60
--nc_employee_vacationsickleavehoursinclude

 

执行:(指定使用的索引)

select LoginID,JobTitle,VacationHours,SickLeaveHours from EmployeeOp 
with(index=0) where VacationHours>60
and SickLeaveHours>10

 

 

 

索引的优化:

select * from EmployeeOp
--创建非聚集索引
create nonclustered index nc_EmployeeOp on employeeop (VacationHours,SickLeaveHours) include (LoginID,JobTitle)

create nonclustered index nc_EmployeeOp_Vacation on employeeop(VacationHours)
include(LoginID,JobTitle)

--创建聚集索引
set statistics io on
create clustered index c_Employee_id on employeeop(BusinessEntityID)  --7,9,9
set statistics io off

 

总结:先创建聚集索引在创非聚集索引

 

聚集索引键宽与窄:

create table temptable(c1 int not null,c2 int)
 
 declare @c int
  set @c=0
  while @c<50000
  begin
  insert temptable values(@c,@c)
  set @c=@c+1
  end
create clustered index c_temptable_c1 on temptable(c1)

set statistics io on
select * from temptable where c1<=25000  --0.07
set statistics io off

 

 

创建Guid的列:

create table temptable(c1 uniqueidentifier,c2 int)
declare @c int 
  set @c=0
  while @c<50000
  begin
  insert temptable values(newid(),@c)
  set @c=@c+1
  end
  create clustered index c_temptable_c1 on temptable(c1)
set statistics io on
select * from temptable where c1<='D144242D-BFA3-4A8C-8DCE-C35A880E8BBE'  --0.11
set statistics io off

 

 

 

索引设计建议:
1.where子句与连接条件列(where子句后面的列建立非聚集索引,有多列查询做成组合索引,并用inclued的方式把经常访问的列信息给包含到非聚集索引的页集,查询用到链接时(join):join的条件列做到非聚集索引中)

 2.使用窄索引:索引列少、索引列数据类型空间少

       1.减少IO数量

       2.提高缓存效率

       3.减少数据存储的空间

       4.动态管理视图: sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats

选择性能高的列应该创建索引,如果有多列筛选,并尽量放置经常筛选的列和低密度的列到组合索引前面

int类型上创建索引与char 型上创建索引

 

create nonclustered  index nc_employee_vacationsickleavehours on  employeeop(vacationhours,
sickleavehours) include(LoginID,JobTitle)

create nonclustered index nc_employee_sickvacationleavehours  on employeeop(sickleavehours,vacationhours)
include(LoginID,JobTitle)

select LoginID,JobTitle from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>40 and SickLeaveHours>90  -- nc_sickleavevacation

 

select loginid,jobtitle from EmployeeOp where VacationHours>99 and SickLeaveHours>10--nc_vacationsickleave

总结:会自动进行筛选与and的顺序无关。(谁的选择性度高)

 

非聚集索引:RID指针指向堆得行标识符或聚集索引的键值

如果有非聚集索引,一定要创建一个聚集索引

先创建聚集索引,在创建非聚集索引

保持聚集索引窄:提高非聚集索引性能,提高聚集索引性能

使用聚集索引的时机:

     1.Group by列

     2.Order by 列

     3.没有针对某个筛选条件的非聚集索引

不合适使用聚集索引:

     1.索引列值频繁跟新:频繁跟新非聚集索引降低性能

     2.并发的大量的插入

 

如果非聚集索引需要书签查找,则建议通过聚集索引查找

建议创建覆盖索引

不适合使用非聚集索引:

       1.需要获取大量的行

       2.需要获取大量的字段

交叉索引:针对筛选条件分别建立非聚集索引,在查询时,获得两个子集的索引交叉,解决覆盖索引非常宽的问题

建议使用过滤索引:针对查询必然需要筛选掉的条件做成索引的过滤条件

create nonclustered index nc_employee_sickvacationleavehours on employeeop(sickleavehours,vacationhours) include (LoginID,JobTitle) where salariedFlag=1

恰当使用索引视图使连接与聚合实物化,平衡查询性能提升与维护视图性能开销

 

复合索引每列可以不按照相同排序规则

可以在计算列上创建索引,建议使用持久化的计算列

指定并行度CPU个数、制定联机索引

经常使用数据库引擎优化顾问

尽量减少书签查找

 

 

查询优化统计方面的应用:

      查询优化器对索引的选择依赖于统计

     统计被自动创建和更新,也可以设置异步更新统计

     通过Profiler跟踪统计事件

     过时统计造成查询优化器无法选择最优的执行计划

    自动创建统计也会在非索引列上创建统计

 

跟新自动统计:

 

 Sql完成情况:

 

开启跟踪:

 

 验证事件:

创建跟踪统计的表:

create table StatisticsTB(c1 int identity(1,1),c2 int)
declare @n int
set @n=0
while @n<5000
begin
 insert StatisticsTB values(@n)
 set @n=@n+1
end

create nonclustered index  nc_StatisticsTB_t2 on StatisticsTB(c2) 

declare @n int
set @n=5001
while @n<50000
begin
insert StatisticsTB values(@n)
set @n=@n+1
end


select * from StatisticsTB where c2<10--index
 select * from StatisticsTB where c2>10--Scan

 

自动统计功能出现故障:

--自动统计出现故障后

declare @n int
set @n=50001
while @n<130000
begin
insert StatisticsTB values(@n)
set @n=@n+1
end

 本来是表扫描的就弄成索引。

select * from StatisticsTB where c2>4990--index

 查看统计信息:

--查看统计信息
dbcc show_statistics('Employeeop',nc_Employee_vacation)--密度:0.01

dbcc show_statistics('Employeeop',nc_Employee_vacationsickleave)--密度:0.009

 

 

更新统计:

--更新统计
  use HRDB
go
Sp_Updatestats

 

 

--创建统计:

create statistics s_Employee_c2 on StatisticsTB(c2)

 

 

在非索引列上创建统计:

create table t1(c1 int identity(1,1),c2 int)
insert t1 values(2)
declare @count int
set @count=0
while @count<1000
begin
insert t1 values(1)
set @count=@count+1
end


create table t2(c1 int identity(1,1),c2 int)
insert t2 values(1)
declare @count int
set @count=0
while @count<1000
begin
insert t1 values(2)
set @count=@count+1
end

 

关闭统计的情况:

select t.c1,t.c2,tt.c1,tt.c2 from t1 as t inner join t2 as tt on
t.c2=tt.c2--0.045

 

 

删除重新创建表:

drop table t1
drop table t2

create table t1(c1 int identity(1,1),c2 int)
insert t1 values(2)
declare @count int
set @count=0
while @count<1000
begin
insert t1 values(1)
set @count=@count+1
end

create table t2(c1 int identity(1,1),c2 int)
insert t2 values(1)
declare @count int
set @count=0
while @count<1000
begin
insert t1 values(2)
set @count=@count+1
end

select t.c1,t.c2,tt.c1,tt.c2 from t1 as t inner join t2 as tt on
t.c2=tt.c2--0.045

 

 统计建议:

 

查看索引是否有碎片:

--查看索引是否有碎片
select * from sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(db_id('HRDB'),object_id('EmployeeOp'),null,
null,'Detailed')

 

做碎片的整理:

--对页面进行重排:
alter index nc_Employee_Vacation on EmployeeOp Reorganize

重建索引:

alter index nc_Employee_Vacation on employeeop rebuild with(fillfactor=40)

 填充因子的方式重建索引:

--指定填充因子重建索引
create nonclustered index nc_Employee_Vacation on Employeeop (VacationHours) with(fillfactor=40,drop_existing=on)

 

 

查询优化器Join的选择:

1.嵌套循环的join  NestedLoop Join

2.合并的join   Merge Join算法

        1.链接表记录数都比较多,并且针对连接列进行了物理排序

        2.Inner表的行有范围约束

3.Hash join算法

 

对Join算法的选择:

create table parenttb(c1 int,name varchar(500))
declare @c int 
set @c=0
while @c<10
begin
insert parenttb values(@c,GETDATE())
set @c=@c+1
end
go
create table subtb(c1 int,cardid uniqueidentifier)
declare @c int
set @c=0
while @c<250
begin
insert subtb values(@c,NEWID())
set @c=@c+1
end

 执行语句:

	select p.name,s.cardid from parenttb as p inner join subtb	as s  on p.c1=s.c1   --hash --0.29  io:

 

 

 手工指定:

   set statistics io on
select p.name,s.cardid from parenttb as p inner loop join subtb as s
 on p.c1=s.c1--nested loop --0.21 io:p 1 s 20
set statistics io off

 

 

 多添加一些记录:

create table parenttb(c1 int,name varchar(500))
declare @c int
set @c=0
while @c<1000
begin
insert parenttb values(@c,getdate())
set @c=@c+1
end
go
create table subtb(c1 int,cardid uniqueidentifier)
declare @c int
set @c=0
while @c<25000
begin
insert subtb values(@c,NEWID())
set @c=@c+1
end

 执行语句:

set statistics io on
select p.name,s.cardid from parenttb as p inner join subtb as s on p.c1=s.c1--hash --0.5 io:p 7 s 140
set statistics io off

set statistics io on
select p.name,s.cardid from parenttb as p inner loop join subtb as s on p.c1=s.c1--loop --64 io:p 7 s 560
set statistics io off

 

 

 

创建唯一的聚集索引:

--创建唯一的聚集索引
create unique clustered index c_parent_c1  on Parenttb(c1)
create unique clustered index c_sub_c1  on Subtb(c1)

 执行:

set statistics io on
select p.name,s.cardid from parenttb as p inner join subtb as s on p.c1=s.c1--Merge --0.16 io:p 6 s 7
set statistics io off

 

 

 

 

posted @ 2017-01-04 20:40  石shi  阅读(1876)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报