实验6 文件I/O与异常处理
task1:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 4 struct Contestant { 5 long id; // 学号 6 std::string name; // 姓名 7 std::string major; // 专业 8 int solved; // 解题数 9 int penalty; // 总罚时 10 }; 11 12 // 重载<< 13 // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符 14 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) { 15 out << std::left; 16 out << std::setw(15) << c.id 17 << std::setw(15) << c.name 18 << std::setw(15) << c.major 19 << std::setw(10) << c.solved 20 << std::setw(10) << c.penalty; 21 22 return out; 23 } 24 25 // 重载>> 26 inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) { 27 in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty; 28 29 return in; 30 }
1 #pragma once 2 #include <fstream> 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <stdexcept> 5 #include <string> 6 #include <vector> 7 #include "contestant.hpp" 8 9 // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序 10 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) { 11 if(a.solved != b.solved) 12 return a.solved > b.solved; 13 14 return a.penalty < b.penalty; 15 } 16 17 // 将结果写至任意输出流 18 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 19 for (const auto& x : v) 20 os << x << '\n'; 21 } 22 23 // 将结果打印到屏幕 24 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 25 write(std::cout, v); 26 } 27 28 // 将结果保存到文件 29 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 30 std::ofstream os(filename); 31 if (!os) 32 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); 33 34 write(os, v); 35 } 36 37 // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行) 38 inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) { 39 std::ifstream is(filename); 40 if (!is) 41 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); 42 43 std::string line; 44 std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题 45 46 std::vector<Contestant> v; 47 Contestant t; 48 int seq; 49 while (is >> seq >> t) 50 v.push_back(t); 51 52 return v; 53 }
1 #include <algorithm> 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <stdexcept> 4 #include <vector> 5 #include "contestant.hpp" 6 #include "utils.hpp" 7 8 const std::string in_file = "D://data.txt"; 9 const std::string out_file = "D://ans.txt"; 10 11 void app() { 12 std::vector<Contestant> contestants; 13 14 try { 15 contestants = load(in_file); 16 std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve); 17 print(contestants); 18 save(out_file, contestants); 19 } catch (const std::exception& e) { 20 std::cerr << e.what() << '\n'; 21 return; 22 } 23 } 24 25 int main() { 26 app(); 27 }

问题1:
(1)std::cout是标准输出流,std::ofstream是文件输出流,都是输出流对象,即ostream类的子类
(2)不需要
问题2:
(1)第32行:当创建的文件输出流os无法打开filename的文件时
第41行:当创建的文件输入流is无法打开filename的文件时
(2)被catch模块捕获,捕获后就会输出fail to open的错误信息
问题3:
可以替换,功能,性能和结果也大致相同
问题4:
(1)Thomas之后的三位学员信息没有输出,同时Thomas的解题数和罚时变成了第8位学员的序号和学号

原因是:>>会跳过空白字符 如换行和空格
task2:
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <string> 5 6 class Student { 7 public: 8 Student() = default; 9 ~Student() = default; 10 11 const std::string get_major() const; 12 int get_grade() const; 13 14 friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s); 15 friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s); 16 17 private: 18 int id; 19 std::string name; 20 std::string major; 21 int grade; // 0-100 22 };
1 #include"student.hpp" 2 #include<string> 3 #include<iostream> 4 #include<iomanip> 5 6 const std::string Student::get_major() const{ 7 return major; 8 } 9 10 int Student::get_grade() const{ 11 return grade; 12 } 13 14 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,const Student& s){ 15 out<<std::left; 16 out<<std::setw(15)<<s.id 17 <<std::setw(15)<<s.name 18 <<std::setw(15)<<s.major 19 <<std::setw(15)<<s.grade; 20 21 return out; 22 } 23 24 std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in,Student& s){ 25 in>>s.id>>s.name>>s.major>>s.grade; 26 27 return in; 28 }
1 #pragma once 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include "student.hpp" 5 6 class StuMgr { 7 public: 8 void load(const std::string& file); // 加载数据文件(空格分隔) 9 void sort(); // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序 10 void print() const; // 打印到屏幕 11 void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件 12 13 private: 14 void write(std::ostream &os) const; // 把数据写到任意输出流 15 16 private: 17 std::vector<Student> students; 18 };
1 #include"student.hpp" 2 #include"stumgr.hpp" 3 #include<algorithm> 4 #include<fstream> 5 #include<iostream> 6 #include<stdexcept> 7 #include<string> 8 #include<vector> 9 10 void StuMgr::write(std::ostream &os)const{ 11 for(const auto&s:students) 12 os<<s<<'\n'; 13 } 14 15 void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file){ 16 Student s; 17 18 std::ifstream is(file); 19 if(!is) 20 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open"+file); 21 22 std::string line; 23 std::getline(is,line); 24 25 while(is>>s){ 26 students.push_back(s); 27 } 28 29 } 30 31 void StuMgr::sort(){ 32 std::sort(students.begin(),students.end(), 33 [](const Student& a,const Student& b){return (a.get_major()!=b.get_major())?(a.get_major()<b.get_major()):(a.get_grade()>b.get_grade());}); 34 35 } 36 37 void StuMgr::print()const{ 38 write(std::cout); 39 } 40 41 void StuMgr::save(const std::string& file)const{ 42 std::ofstream os(file); 43 44 if(!os) 45 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open"+file); 46 47 write(os); 48 49 }




浙公网安备 33010602011771号