iOS富文本字符串AttributedString具体用法

首先要创建一个带有属性的字符串NSMutableAttributedString

1.  
   NSMutableAttributedString *attrString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"这是一个富文本字符串"];
2.  
   /* 其他几种创建方法
3.  
   - (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)str;
4.  
   - (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)str attributes:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)attrs;
5.  
   - (instancetype)initWithAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrStr;
6.  
   */

如何设置这个字符串的属性

1.  
   - (void)addAttribute:(NSString *)name value:(id)value range:(NSRange)range; // 每次设置一个属性和它对应的值
2.  
   - (void)addAttributes:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)attrs range:(NSRange)range; // 一次可以设置多个属性 属性和属性值以字典键值对形式进行设置
3.  
   // range参数是设置要设置属性的字符串范围

常用的属性都有哪些

• 字体 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName
  2.  
     value:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:30.0f]
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
• 颜色 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName
  2.  
     value:[UIColor redColor]
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSBackgroundColorAttributeName
  2.  
     value:[UIColor redColor]
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
• 空心字 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSStrokeColorAttributeName
  2.  
     value:[UIColor redColor]
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)]; // 设置描边颜色 要和NSStrokeWidthAttributeName设置描边宽度一起使用
  4.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSStrokeWidthAttributeName
  5.  
     value:@1.5
  6.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
• 间距 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSKernAttributeName
  2.  
     value:@10 // NSNumber
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
• 倾斜 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSObliquenessAttributeName
  2.  
     value:@(0.5f) // 正值向右倾斜 负值向左倾斜
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
• 拉伸、压缩 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSExpansionAttributeName
  2.  
     value:@(0.5f) // 正值横向拉伸 负值横向压缩
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  
  
   
  

  效果图
• 连体 
  1.  
     NSMutableAttributedString * attrStr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"'flush' is a string！"];
  2.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSLigatureAttributeName
  3.  
     value:@1
  4.  
     range:NSMakeRange(1, 5)];
  5.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName
  6.  
     value:[UIFont fontWithName:@"futura" size:30]
  7.  
     range:NSMakeRange(1, 5)];

 

效果图（注意fl两个字母的连接效果）

• 基线偏移量

  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSBaselineOffsetAttributeName
  2.  
     value:@(10) // 正值上偏 负值下偏
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
   
  

  效果图

• 阴影

  1.  
     NSShadow *shadow = [[NSShadow alloc] init]; // NSShadow只有3个属性：阴影颜色，模糊半径和偏移
  2.  
     shadow.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(3, 3); // 阴影偏移（X方向偏移和Y方向偏移）
  3.  
     shadow.shadowBlurRadius = 1.5; // 模糊半径
  4.  
     shadow.shadowColor = [UIColor redColor]; // 阴影颜色
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSShadowAttributeName
  2.  
     value:shadow
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
• 特殊效果 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSTextEffectAttributeName
  2.  
     value:NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle // NSString类型 目前只有NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle(凸版印刷效果)可用
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
• 书写方向 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSWritingDirectionAttributeName
  2.  
     value:@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSWritingDirectionOverride)]
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(0, attrStr.length)];
   
  

  效果图
  1.  
     //NSWritingDirectionAttributeName 设置文字书写方向，取值为以下组合
  2.  
     // iOS9.0以前
  3.  
     //@[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight | NSTextWritingDirectionEmbedding)]
  4.  
     //@[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight | NSTextWritingDirectionOverride)]
  5.  
     //@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSTextWritingDirectionEmbedding)]
  6.  
     //@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSTextWritingDirectionOverride)]
  7.  
     // iOS9.0以后
  8.  
     //@[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight | NSWritingDirectionEmbedding)]
  9.  
     //@[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight | NSWritingDirectionOverride)]
  10.  
      //@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSWritingDirectionEmbedding)]
  11.  
      //@[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft | NSWritingDirectionOverride)]
  12.  
      // NSWritingDirectionOverride 和 NSWritingDirectionEmbedding 是指定Unicode双向定义的格式控制算法（具体的没太搞清楚）
• 横、竖排版 
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSVerticalGlyphFormAttributeName
  2.  
     value:@0 // 0横向排版 1竖向排版 iOS中除了0以外都未定义，所以都为横向排版
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(0, attrStr.length)];

• 下划线

  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName
  2.  
     value:@(NSUnderlineStyleSingle)
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSUnderlineColorAttributeName
  2.  
     value:[UIColor redColor]
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
  1.  
     typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSUnderlineStyle) {
  2.  
     NSUnderlineStyleNone = 0x00,
  3.  
     NSUnderlineStyleSingle = 0x01,
  4.  
     NSUnderlineStyleThick NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x02,
  5.  
     NSUnderlineStyleDouble NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x09,
  6.  
     NSUnderlinePatternSolid NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0000,
  7.  
     NSUnderlinePatternDot NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0100,
  8.  
     NSUnderlinePatternDash NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0200,
  9.  
     NSUnderlinePatternDashDot NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0300,
  10.  
      NSUnderlinePatternDashDotDot NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x0400,
  11.  
       
  12.  
      NSUnderlineByWord NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 7_0) = 0x8000
  13.  
      } NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_0, 6_0);

• 删除线

  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName
  2.  
     value:@(NSUnderlinePatternSolid | NSUnderlineStyleSingle)
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
  1.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName
  2.  
     value:[UIColor redColor]
  3.  
     range:NSMakeRange(4, 3)];
   
  

  效果图
• 网址 
  1.  
     NSMutableAttributedString * attrStr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"这是一个网址http://www.jianshu.com/users/37f2920f6848字符串！"];
  2.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSLinkAttributeName
  3.  
     value:@"http://www.jianshu.com/users/37f2920f6848"
  4.  
     range:NSMakeRange(6, attrStr.length -6 -4)];
  5.  
     // label显示出来的连接是点击不了的 textView的是可以的 有响应的回调函数shouldInteractWithURL
   
  

  效果图
• 图文混排 
  1.  
     NSMutableAttributedString * attrStr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"这是一个富文本字符串！"];
  2.  
     // 创建一个文字附件对象
  3.  
     NSTextAttachment *textAttachment = [[NSTextAttachment alloc] init];
  4.  
     textAttachment.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"11.png"]; //设置图片源
  5.  
     textAttachment.bounds = CGRectMake(0, -6, 30, 30); //设置图片位置和大小
  6.  
     // 将文字附件转换成属性字符串
  7.  
     NSAttributedString *attachmentAttrStr = [NSAttributedString attributedStringWithAttachment:textAttachment];
  8.  
     // 将转换成属性字符串插入到目标字符串
  9.  
     [attrStr insertAttributedString:attachmentAttrStr atIndex:8];
   
  

  效果图
• 段落 
  1.  
     NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraphStyle = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init];
  2.  
     // 行间距
  3.  
     paragraphStyle.lineSpacing = 15.f;
  4.  
     // 段落间距
  5.  
     paragraphStyle.paragraphSpacing = 30.f;
  6.  
     // 段落缩进像素
  7.  
     paragraphStyle.firstLineHeadIndent = 40.f;
  8.  
     // 整体缩进像素
  9.  
     paragraphStyle.headIndent = 15.f;
  10.  
      // 对齐方式
  11.  
      paragraphStyle.alignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;
  12.  
      // 其他属性请自行查阅NSMutableParagraphStyle头文件
  1.  
     NSMutableAttributedString * attrStr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"这是一个富文本字符串。\n这是一个富文本字符串？\n这是一个富文本字符串！"];
  2.  
     [attrStr addAttribute:NSParagraphStyleAttributeName
  3.  
     value:paragraphStyle
  4.  
     range:NSMakeRange(0, attrStr.length)];

      
     

     效果图