Android学习之蓝牙操作
BluetoothAdapter 用法
蓝牙运行原理:通过BluetoothAdapter 蓝牙适配器处理任务,如果蓝牙被启动之后,系统会自动去搜索其它设备,如果匹配到附近的设备就发送一个广播,BroadcastRecevier的onReceive被调用一次,我们只需要在onReceive中处理自己的操作即可。
蓝牙是一种支持设备短距离传输数据的无线技术。android在2.0以后提供了这方面的支持。 从查找蓝牙设备到能够相互通信要经过几个基本步骤(本机做为服务器):
1.设置权限 在manifest中配置
2.启动蓝牙 首先要查看本机是否支持蓝牙,获取BluetoothAdapter蓝牙适配器对象
3。发现蓝牙设备 这里可以细分为几个方面 (1)使本机蓝牙处于可见(即处于易被搜索到状态),便于其他设备发现本机蓝牙
(2)查找已经配对的蓝牙设备,即以前已经配对过的设备
(3)通过mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();搜索设备,要获得此搜索的结果需要注册 一个BroadcastReceiver来获取。先注册再获取信息,然后处理
4.建立连接 查找到设备 后,则需要建立本机与其他设备之间的连接。 一般用本机搜索其他蓝牙设备时,本机可以作为一个服务端,接收其他设备的连接。 启动一个服务器端的线程,死循环等待客户端的连接,这与ServerSocket极为相似。 这个线程在准备连接之前启动
搜索到设备后可以获取设备的地址,通过此地址获取一个BluetoothDeviced对象,可以看做客户端,通过此对象device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);同一个UUID可与服务器建立连接获取另一个socket对象,由此服务端与客户端各有一个socket对象,此时 他们可以互相交换数据了。 创立客户端socket可建立线程
5.建立数据通信线程,进行读取数据
到这里,蓝牙通信的基本操作已经全部完成。
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
 - <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
 
- BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
 - if(mBluetoothAdapter == null){
 - //表明此手机不支持蓝牙
 - return;
 - }
 - if(!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){ //蓝牙未开启,则开启蓝牙
 - Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
 - startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
 - }
 - //......
 - public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
 - if(requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT){
 - if(requestCode == RESULT_OK){
 - //蓝牙已经开启
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
- //使本机蓝牙在300秒内可被搜索
 - private void ensureDiscoverable() {
 - if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() !=
 - BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) {
 - Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
 - discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
 - startActivity(discoverableIntent);
 - }
 - }
 
- Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
 - if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
 - findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
 - for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
 - //device.getName() +" "+ device.getAddress());
 - }
 - } else {
 - mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有找到已匹对的设备");
 - }
 
- //注册,当一个设备被发现时调用onReceive
 - IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
 - this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
 - //当搜索结束后调用onReceive
 - filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
 - this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
 - //.......
 - private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
 - @Override
 - public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
 - String action = intent.getAction();
 - if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)){
 - BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
 - // 已经配对的则跳过
 - if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
 - mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); //保存设备地址与名字
 - }
 - }else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) { //搜索结束
 - if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) {
 - mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有搜索到设备");
 - }
 - }
 - }
 - };
 
- //UUID可以看做一个端口号
 - private static final UUID MY_UUID =
 - UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66");
 - //像一个服务器一样时刻监听是否有连接建立
 - private class AcceptThread extends Thread{
 - private BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket;
 - public AcceptThread(boolean secure){
 - BluetoothServerSocket temp = null;
 - try {
 - temp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(
 - NAME_INSECURE, MY_UUID);
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "listen() failed", e);
 - }
 - serverSocket = temp;
 - }
 - public void run(){
 - BluetoothSocket socket=null;
 - while(true){
 - try {
 - socket = serverSocket.accept();
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "accept() failed", e);
 - break;
 - }
 - }
 - if(socket!=null){
 - //此时可以新建一个数据交换线程,把此socket传进去
 - }
 - }
 - //取消监听
 - public void cancel(){
 - try {
 - serverSocket.close();
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "Socket Type" + socketType + "close() of server failed", e);
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
- //另一个设备去连接本机,相当于客户端
 - private class ConnectThread extends Thread{
 - private BluetoothSocket socket;
 - private BluetoothDevice device;
 - public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device,boolean secure){
 - this.device = device;
 - BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
 - try {
 - tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID_SECURE);
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "create() failed", e);
 - }
 - }
 - public void run(){
 - mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); //取消设备查找
 - try {
 - socket.connect();
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - try {
 - socket.close();
 - } catch (IOException e1) {
 - Log.e("app", "unable to close() "+
 - " socket during connection failure", e1);
 - }
 - connetionFailed(); //连接失败
 - return;
 - }
 - //此时可以新建一个数据交换线程,把此socket传进去
 - }
 - public void cancel() {
 - try {
 - socket.close();
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "close() of connect socket failed", e);
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
- //建立连接后,进行数据通信的线程
 - private class ConnectedThread extends Thread{
 - private BluetoothSocket socket;
 - private InputStream inStream;
 - private OutputStream outStream;
 - public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket){
 - this.socket = socket;
 - try {
 - //获得输入输出流
 - inStream = socket.getInputStream();
 - outStream = socket.getOutputStream();
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "temp sockets not created", e);
 - }
 - }
 - public void run(){
 - byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
 - int len=0;
 - //读数据需不断监听,写不需要
 - while(true){
 - try {
 - len = inStream.read(buff);
 - //把读取到的数据发送给UI进行显示
 - Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ,
 - len, -1, buff);
 - msg.sendToTarget();
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "disconnected", e);
 - connectionLost(); //失去连接
 - start(); //重新启动服务器
 - break;
 - }
 - }
 - }
 - public void write(byte[] buffer) {
 - try {
 - outStream.write(buffer);
 - // Share the sent message back to the UI Activity
 - handler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer)
 - .sendToTarget();
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "Exception during write", e);
 - }
 - }
 - public void cancel() {
 - try {
 - socket.close();
 - } catch (IOException e) {
 - Log.e("app", "close() of connect socket failed", e);
 - }
 - }
 - }
 
                    
                
                
            
        
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