实验六

实验任务1:

contestant.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <iomanip>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 struct Contestant {
 7     long   id;              // 学号
 8     std::string name;       // 姓名
 9     std::string major;      // 专业
10     int    solved;          // 解题数
11     int    penalty;         // 总罚时
12 };
13 
14 // 重载<<
15 // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符
16 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) {
17     out << std::left;
18     out << std::setw(15) << c.id
19         << std::setw(15) << c.name
20         << std::setw(15) << c.major
21         << std::setw(10) << c.solved
22         << std::setw(10) << c.penalty;
23 
24     return out;
25 }
26 
27 // 重载>>
28 inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) {
29     in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty;
30 
31     return in;
32 }

utils.hpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <fstream>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <stdexcept>
 5 #include <string>
 6 #include <vector>
 7 #include "contestant.hpp"
 8 
 9 // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序
10 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) {
11     if(a.solved != b.solved)
12         return a.solved > b.solved;
13     
14     return a.penalty < b.penalty;
15 }
16 
17 // 将结果写至任意输出流
18 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
19     for (const auto& x : v) 
20         os << x << '\n';
21 }
22 
23 // 将结果打印到屏幕
24 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
25     write(std::cout, v);
26 }
27 
28 // 将结果保存到文件
29 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
30     std::ofstream os(filename);
31     if (!os) 
32         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
33 
34     write(os, v);
35 }
36 
37 // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行)
38 inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) {
39     std::ifstream is(filename);
40     if (!is) 
41         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
42 
43     std::string line;
44     std::getline(is, line);          // 跳过标题
45 
46     std::vector<Contestant> v;
47     Contestant t;
48     int seq;
49     while (is >> seq >> t) 
50         v.push_back(t);
51         
52     return v;
53 }

task6.1.cpp

 1 #include <algorithm>
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <stdexcept>
 4 #include <vector>
 5 #include "contestant.hpp"
 6 #include "utils.hpp"
 7 
 8 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt";
 9 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt";
10 
11 void app() {
12     std::vector<Contestant> contestants;
13 
14     try {
15         contestants = load(in_file);                                      
16         std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve); 
17         print(contestants);      
18         save(out_file, contestants);                         
19     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
20         std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
21         return;
22     }
23 }
24 
25 int main() {
26     app();
27 }

运行结果:

屏幕截图 2025-12-17 082200

屏幕截图 2025-12-17 082911

问题1:

(1)std::cout 和 std::ofstream都是std::ostream的派生类对象,c++中派生类对象可以隐式转换为基类引用

(2)不需要

问题2:

(1)打开文件失败时会抛出异常

(2)异常被try-catch捕获,处理:通过e.what()打印异常的具体信息,执行return,终止后续操作

问题3:可以,功能、性能、结果一致

问题4:

(1)数据读取错误,因为load()函数未进行检验,且没有错误行跳过功能

屏幕截图 2025-12-17 091225

实验任务2:

student.hpp 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 class Student {
 7 public:
 8     Student() = default;
 9     ~Student() = default;
10     
11     const std::string get_major() const;
12     int get_grade() const;
13 
14     friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s);
15     friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s);
16 
17 private:
18     int id;   
19     std::string  name;
20     std::string  major;
21     int          grade;  // 0-100
22 };
student.cpp
 1 #include "student.hpp"
 2 #include <stdexcept>
 3 
 4 const std::string Student::get_major() const {
 5     return major;
 6 }
 7 
 8 int Student::get_grade() const {
 9     return grade;
10 }
11 
12 // 输出运算符:确保格式与截图一致
13 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s) {
14     os << s.id << "\t" << s.name << "\t" << s.major << "\t" << s.grade;
15     return os;
16 }
17 
18 // 输入运算符:容错性优化
19 std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s) {
20     // 先检查流状态
21     if (!is) return is;
22 
23     // 逐字段读取,避免单行错误终止
24     is >> s.id;
25     if (!is) return is;
26     is >> s.name;
27     if (!is) return is;
28     is >> s.major;
29     if (!is) return is;
30     is >> s.grade;
31 
32     // 成绩校验(仅警告,不抛异常)
33     if (s.grade < 0 || s.grade > 100) {
34         std::cerr << "[警告] 学号" << s.id << "成绩无效:" << s.grade << "\n";
35         s.grade = 0; // 修正为有效值
36     }
37     return is;
38 }
stumgr.hpp 
 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include "student.hpp"
 5 
 6 class StuMgr {
 7 public:
 8     void load(const std::string& file);  // 加载数据文件(空格分隔)
 9     void sort();                         // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序
10     void print() const;                  // 打印到屏幕
11     void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件
12 
13 private:
14     void write(std::ostream &os) const;  // 把数据写到任意输出流
15 
16 private:
17     std::vector<Student> students;
18 };
stumgr.cpp
 1 #include "stumgr.hpp"
 2 #include "student.hpp"
 3 #include <fstream>
 4 #include <stdexcept>
 5 #include <algorithm>
 6 #include <iostream>
 7 #include <sstream>
 8 #include <limits>
 9 
10 // 加载文件(含异常处理、数据校验)
11 void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file) {
12     std::ifstream ifs(file);
13     if (!ifs.is_open()) {
14         throw std::runtime_error("cannot open file: " + file);
15     }
16 
17     students.clear();
18     Student s;
19     std::string line;
20     int line_num = 0;
21 
22     while (std::getline(ifs, line)) {
23         line_num++;
24         std::istringstream line_stream(line);
25         try {
26             line_stream >> s; // 调用Student的输入运算符
27             students.push_back(s);
28         } catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
29             // 输出警告并跳过错误行
30             std::cerr << "[warning] line " << line_num << " " << e.what() << ", skipped\n";
31         }
32     }
33     ifs.close();
34 }
35 
36 // 排序:专业字典序 + 同专业成绩降序
37 void StuMgr::sort() {
38     std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), [](const Student& a, const Student& b) {
39         if (a.get_major() != b.get_major()) {
40             return a.get_major() < b.get_major();
41         }
42         return a.get_grade() > b.get_grade();
43     });
44 }
45 
46 // 打印到屏幕
47 void StuMgr::print() const {
48     write(std::cout);
49 }
50 
51 // 保存到文件
52 void StuMgr::save(const std::string& file) const {
53     std::ofstream ofs(file);
54     if (!ofs.is_open()) {
55         throw std::runtime_error("cannot open file: " + file);
56     }
57     write(ofs);
58     ofs.close();
59 }
60 
61 // 通用写入逻辑(输出到流)
62 void StuMgr::write(std::ostream& os) const {
63     for (const auto& stu : students) {
64         os << stu << "\n";
65     }
66 }
task6.2.cpp
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <limits>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include "stumgr.hpp"
 5 
 6 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt";
 7 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt";
 8 
 9 void menu() {
10     std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n"
11                  "1. 加载文件\n"
12                  "2. 排序\n"
13                  "3. 打印到屏幕\n"
14                  "4. 保存到文件\n"
15                  "5. 退出\n"
16                  "请选择:";
17 }
18 
19 void app() {
20     StuMgr mgr;
21 
22     while(true) {
23         menu();
24         int choice;
25         std::cin >> choice;
26 
27         try {
28             switch (choice) {
29             case 1: mgr.load(in_file); 
30                     std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break;
31             case 2: mgr.sort(); 
32                     std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break;
33             case 3: mgr.print(); 
34                     std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break;
35             case 4: mgr.save(out_file); 
36                     std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break;
37             case 5: return;
38             default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n";
39             }
40         }
41         catch (const std::exception& e) {
42             std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n';
43         }
44     }
45 }
46 
47 int main() {
48     app();
49 }
运行结果:
屏幕截图 2025-12-18 234217

 

屏幕截图 2025-12-18 234235

屏幕截图 2025-12-18 234316

 

posted @ 2025-12-18 23:50  stezin-  阅读(2)  评论(0)    收藏  举报