OpenFlow协议分析实践

一、实验目的

能够运用 wireshark 对 OpenFlow 协议数据交互过程进行抓包；
能够借助包解析工具，分析与解释 OpenFlow协议的数据包交互过程与机制。

二、实验环境

Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64

三、实验要求

（一）基本要求

搭建下图所示拓扑，完成相关 IP 配置，并实现主机与主机之间的 IP 通信。

主机 IP地址
h1 192.168.0.101/24
h2 192.168.0.102/24
h3 192.168.0.103/24
h4 192.168.0.104/24
pingall结果

查看抓包结果，分析OpenFlow协议中交换机与控制器的消息交互过程，画出相关交互图或流程图。
.Hello
控制器6633端口（我最高能支持Open Flow1.0） ---> 交换机48098端口

交换机48098端口（我最高能支持Open Flow1.5）---> 控制器6633端口

于是双方建立连接，并使用Open Flow1.0

.Features_Request
控制器6633端口（我需要你的特征信息） ---> 交换机48098端口

.Set_Config
控制器6633端口（请按照我给你的flag和max bytes of packet进行配置） ---> 交换机48098端口

.Port_Status
当交换机端口发生变化时，告知控制器相应的端口状态

.Features_Reply
交换机48098端口（这是我的特征信息，请查收） ---> 控制器6633端口

.Packet_in
交换机48098端口（有数据包进来，请指示） ---> 控制器6633端口

.Packet_out
控制器6633端口（请按照我给你的action进行处理） ---> 交换机48098端口

.Flow_Mod
分析抓取的flow_mode数据包，控制器通过6633端口向交换机48098端口、交换机48104端口下发流表项，指导数据的转发处理

交互图

回答问题：交换机与控制器建立通信时是使用TCP协议还是UDP协议？

（Transmission Control Protocol）TCP

（二）进阶要求

将抓包基础要求第2步的抓包结果对照OpenFlow源码，了解OpenFlow主要消息类型对应的数据结构定义。

Hello

/* Header on all OpenFlow packets. */
struct ofp_header {
    uint8_t version;    /* OFP_VERSION. */
    uint8_t type;       /* One of the OFPT_ constants. */
    uint16_t length;    /* Length including this ofp_header. */
    uint32_t xid;       /* Transaction id associated with this packet.
                           Replies use the same id as was in the request
                           to facilitate pairing. */
};

Features_Request

参数格式与Hello一致
Set_Config

/* Switch configuration. */
struct ofp_switch_config {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint16_t flags;             /* OFPC_* flags. */
    uint16_t miss_send_len;     /* Max bytes of new flow that datapath should
                                   send to the controller. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct ofp_switch_config) == 12);

Port_Status

struct ofp_port_status {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint8_t reason;          /* One of OFPPR_*. */
    uint8_t pad[7];          /* Align to 64-bits. */
    struct ofp_phy_port desc;
};

Features_Reply

    struct ofp_header header;
    uint64_t datapath_id;   /* Datapath unique ID.  The lower 48-bits are for
                               a MAC address, while the upper 16-bits are
                               implementer-defined. */

    uint32_t n_buffers;     /* Max packets buffered at once. */

    uint8_t n_tables;       /* Number of tables supported by datapath. */
    uint8_t pad[3];         /* Align to 64-bits. */

    /* Features. */
    uint32_t capabilities;  /* Bitmap of support "ofp_capabilities". */
    uint32_t actions;       /* Bitmap of supported "ofp_action_type"s. */

    /* Port info.*/
    struct ofp_phy_port ports[0];  /* Port definitions.  The number of ports
                                      is inferred from the length field in
                                      the header. */
};

Packet_in

交换机查找流表，发现没有匹配条目,但是这种包没有抓到过

/* Why is this packet being sent to the controller? */
enum ofp_packet_in_reason {
    OFPR_NO_MATCH,          /* No matching flow. */
    OFPR_ACTION             /* Action explicitly output to controller. */
};

有匹配条目,对应的action是OUTPUT=CONTROLLER,固定收到向控制器发送包

/* Packet received on port (datapath -> controller). */
struct ofp_packet_in {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint32_t buffer_id;     /* ID assigned by datapath. */
    uint16_t total_len;     /* Full length of frame. */
    uint16_t in_port;       /* Port on which frame was received. */
    uint8_t reason;         /* Reason packet is being sent (one of OFPR_*) */
    uint8_t pad;
    uint8_t data[0];        /* Ethernet frame, halfway through 32-bit word,
                               so the IP header is 32-bit aligned.  The
                               amount of data is inferred from the length
                               field in the header.  Because of padding,
                               offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data) ==
                               sizeof(struct ofp_packet_in) - 2. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct ofp_packet_in) == 20);

Packet_out

/* Send packet (controller -> datapath). */
struct ofp_packet_out {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint32_t buffer_id;           /* ID assigned by datapath (-1 if none). */
    uint16_t in_port;             /* Packet's input port (OFPP_NONE if none). */
    uint16_t actions_len;         /* Size of action array in bytes. */
    struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* Actions. */
    /* uint8_t data[0]; */        /* Packet data.  The length is inferred
                                     from the length field in the header.
                                     (Only meaningful if buffer_id == -1.) */
};

Flow_Mod

/* Flow setup and teardown (controller -> datapath). */
struct ofp_flow_mod {
    struct ofp_header header;
    struct ofp_match match;      /* Fields to match */
    uint64_t cookie;             /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */

    /* Flow actions. */
    uint16_t command;             /* One of OFPFC_*. */
    uint16_t idle_timeout;        /* Idle time before discarding (seconds). */
    uint16_t hard_timeout;        /* Max time before discarding (seconds). */
    uint16_t priority;            /* Priority level of flow entry. */
    uint32_t buffer_id;           /* Buffered packet to apply to (or -1).
                                     Not meaningful for OFPFC_DELETE*. */
    uint16_t out_port;            /* For OFPFC_DELETE* commands, require
                                     matching entries to include this as an
                                     output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                     indicates no restriction. */
    uint16_t flags;               /* One of OFPFF_*. */
    struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* The action length is inferred
                                            from the length field in the
                                            header. */
};

（三）实验报告

实验总结：本次实验通过wireshark了解openflow协议数据交互过程，学会了通过过滤器输入open flow_v1过滤数据等，收获颇丰