20181209 2019-2020-2 《Python程序设计》实验4报告
# 20181209 2019-2020-2 《Python程序设计》实验4报告
课程：《Python程序设计》
班级： 1812
姓名： 沙桐
学号：20181209
实验教师：王志强
实验日期：2020年6月8日
必修/选修： 公选课
## 1.实验内容
python综合实践 利用可视化、游戏等模块制作小游戏--打砖块
## 2. 实验过程及结果
实验分析
1.创建游戏窗口
2.创建球类
3.创建球拍
4.分数设计
5.游戏的开始 结束 胜利 失败
实验设计思路
操作在屏幕底端的球拍 通过反弹小球的方式
点击鼠标后开始小球的弹射 当小球碰到砖块 墙壁 球拍 会以相同的速度反弹 小球击打砖块 砖块消失，只需要打掉所有的砖块即可获的胜利。
小球掉落横板下方即失败。
实验过程
首先学习了以下 pygame 模块的使用
下载并安装该板块
从pygame模块导入常用的函数和常量：
import pygame
from pygame.locals import
import sys, random, time, math
创建窗口类：
class GameWindow(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
self.window_length = 600
self.window_wide = 500
# 绘制游戏窗口，设置窗口尺寸
self.game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((self.window_length, self.window_wide))
# 设置游戏窗口标题
pygame.display.set_caption("CatchBallGame")
# 定义游戏窗口背景颜色参数
self.window_color = (135, 206, 250)
def backgroud(self):
# 绘制游戏窗口背景颜色
self.game_window.fill(self.window_color)
创建球类：
class Ball(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
# 设置球的半径、颜色、移动速度参数
self.ball_color = (255, 215, 0)
self.move_x = 1
self.move_y = 1
self.radius = 10
def ballready(self):
# 设置球的初始位置、
self.ball_x = self.mouse_x
self.ball_y = self.window_wide - self.rect_wide - self.radius
# 绘制球，设置反弹触发条件
pygame.draw.circle(self.game_window, self.ball_color, (self.ball_x, self.ball_y), self.radius)
def ballmove(self):
# 绘制球，设置反弹触发条件
pygame.draw.circle(self.game_window, self.ball_color, (self.ball_x, self.ball_y), self.radius)
self.ball_x += self.move_x
self.ball_y -= self.move_y
# 调用碰撞检测函数
self.ball_window()
self.ball_rect()
# 每接5次球球速增加一倍
if self.distance < self.radius:
self.frequency += 1
if self.frequency == 5:
self.frequency = 0
self.move_x += self.move_x
self.move_y += self.move_y
self.point += self.point
# 设置游戏失败条件
if self.ball_y > 520:
self.gameover = self.over_font.render("Game Over", False, (0, 0, 0))
self.game_window.blit(self.gameover, (100, 130))
self.over_sign = 1
创建砖类：
class Brick(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
# 设置砖块颜色参数
self.brick_color = (139, 126, 102)
self.brick_list = [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]
self.brick_length = 80
self.brick_wide = 20
def brickarrange(self):
for i in range(5):
for j in range(6):
self.brick_x = j * (self.brick_length + 24)
self.brick_y = i * (self.brick_wide + 20) + 40
if self.brick_list[i][j] == 1:
# 绘制砖块
pygame.draw.rect(self.game_window, self.brick_color,
(self.brick_x, self.brick_y, self.brick_length, self.brick_wide))
# 调用碰撞检测函数
self.ball_brick()
if self.distanceb < self.radius:
self.brick_list[i][j] = 0
self.score += self.point
# 设置游戏胜利条件
if self.brick_list == [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]:
self.win = self.win_font.render("You Win", False, (0, 0, 0))
self.game_window.blit(self.win, (100, 130))
self.win_sign = 1
创建分数类：
class Score(object):
'''创建分数类'''
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
# 设置初始分数
self.score = 0
# 设置分数字体
self.score_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 20)
# 设置初始加分点数
self.point = 1
# 设置初始接球次数
self.frequency = 0
def countscore(self):
# 绘制玩家分数
my_score = self.score_font.render(str(self.score), False, (255, 255, 255))
self.game_window.blit(my_score, (555, 15))
创建游戏结束类：
class GameOver(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
# 设置Game Over字体
self.over_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 80)
# 定义GameOver标识
self.over_sign = 0
创建游戏胜利类：
class Win(object):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
# 设置You Win字体
self.win_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 80)
# 定义Win标识
self.win_sign = 0
创建碰撞检测类：
class Collision(object):
# 球与窗口边框的碰撞检测
def ball_window(self):
if self.ball_x <= self.radius or self.ball_x >= (self.window_length - self.radius):
self.move_x = -self.move_x
if self.ball_y <= self.radius:
self.move_y = -self.move_y
# 球与球拍的碰撞检测
def ball_rect(self):
# 定义碰撞标识
self.collision_sign_x = 0
self.collision_sign_y = 0
if self.ball_x < (self.mouse_x - self.rect_length // 2):
self.closestpoint_x = self.mouse_x - self.rect_length // 2
self.collision_sign_x = 1
elif self.ball_x > (self.mouse_x + self.rect_length // 2):
self.closestpoint_x = self.mouse_x + self.rect_length // 2
self.collision_sign_x = 2
else:
self.closestpoint_x = self.ball_x
self.collision_sign_x = 3
if self.ball_y < (self.window_wide - self.rect_wide):
self.closestpoint_y = (self.window_wide - self.rect_wide)
self.collision_sign_y = 1
elif self.ball_y > self.window_wide:
self.closestpoint_y = self.window_wide
self.collision_sign_y = 2
else:
self.closestpoint_y = self.ball_y
self.collision_sign_y = 3
# 定义球拍到圆心最近点与圆心的距离
self.distance = math.sqrt(
math.pow(self.closestpoint_x - self.ball_x, 2) + math.pow(self.closestpoint_y - self.ball_y, 2))
# 球在球拍上左、上中、上右3种情况的碰撞检测
if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 1 and (
self.collision_sign_x == 1 or self.collision_sign_x == 2):
if self.collision_sign_x == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
self.move_x = - self.move_x
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_x == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_x == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
self.move_x = - self.move_x
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_x == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 1 and self.collision_sign_x == 3:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
# 球在球拍左、右两侧中间的碰撞检测
if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 3:
self.move_x = - self.move_x
# 球与砖块的碰撞检测
def ball_brick(self):
# 定义碰撞标识
self.collision_sign_bx = 0
self.collision_sign_by = 0
if self.ball_x < self.brick_x:
self.closestpoint_bx = self.brick_x
self.collision_sign_bx = 1
elif self.ball_x > self.brick_x + self.brick_length:
self.closestpoint_bx = self.brick_x + self.brick_length
self.collision_sign_bx = 2
else:
self.closestpoint_bx = self.ball_x
self.collision_sign_bx = 3
if self.ball_y < self.brick_y:
self.closestpoint_by = self.brick_y
self.collision_sign_by = 1
elif self.ball_y > self.brick_y + self.brick_wide:
self.closestpoint_by = self.brick_y + self.brick_wide
self.collision_sign_by = 2
else:
self.closestpoint_by = self.ball_y
self.collision_sign_by = 3
# 定义砖块到圆心最近点与圆心的距离
self.distanceb = math.sqrt(
math.pow(self.closestpoint_bx - self.ball_x, 2) + math.pow(self.closestpoint_by - self.ball_y, 2))
# 球在砖块上左、上中、上右3种情况的碰撞检测
if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 1 and (
self.collision_sign_bx == 1 or self.collision_sign_bx == 2):
if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
self.move_x = - self.move_x
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
self.move_x = - self.move_x
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 1 and self.collision_sign_bx == 3:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
# 球在砖块下左、下中、下右3种情况的碰撞检测
if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 2 and (
self.collision_sign_bx == 1 or self.collision_sign_bx == 2):
if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
self.move_x = - self.move_x
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
self.move_x = - self.move_x
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 2 and self.collision_sign_bx == 3:
self.move_y = - self.move_y
# 球在砖块左、右两侧中间的碰撞检测
if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 3:
self.move_x = - self.move_x
创建主函数类:
class Main(GameWindow, Rect, Ball, Brick, Collision, Score, Win, GameOver):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
super(Main, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
super(GameWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
super(Rect, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
super(Ball, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
super(Brick, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
super(Collision, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
super(Score, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
super(Win, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
# 定义游戏开始标识
start_sign = 0
while True:
self.backgroud()
self.rectmove()
self.countscore()
if self.over_sign == 1 or self.win_sign == 1:
break
# 获取游戏窗口状态
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
pressed_array = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
if pressed_array[0]:
start_sign = 1
if start_sign == 0:
self.ballready()
else:
self.ballmove()
self.brickarrange()
# 更新游戏窗口
pygame.display.update()
# 控制游戏窗口刷新频率
time.sleep(0.010)
if __name__ == '__main__':
pygame.init()
pygame.font.init()
catchball = Main()
实验结果
## 3. 实验过程中遇到的问题和解决过程
- 问题1：对这个打砖块游戏的印象 只停留在儿时 没有什么系统的想法 不知从何处开始下手
- 问题1解决方案：在网上 查阅很多资料 看了很多视频有了才有了一个具体的思路
- 问题2：碰撞检测
- 问题2解决方案：在网上查询碰撞检测函数用法 分析所能出现的可能 把能想到的碰撞可能全部用if语句表出现
- ...
## 其他（感悟、思考等）
码云链接：https://gitee.com/tung_tree1/python_text-2020/blob/实验4/游戏设计.py
这个学习了python 觉得真的挺实用 比c语言好用很多 但是自己的水平还是很低 很多东西都需要在网上搜索 然后现学现用 我也会多多学习这门语言，因为python对于未来来说 他的使用价值很大 我觉得是像office一样 必备的技能
做了这个小游戏发现 自己的这个水平 还是很菜 也还有很大的提升空间 今后也要多多学习
还有我对这门课程有一点小建议，就像最开始的时候需要看视频去学习，感觉任务量很大，学多少 学不学 都是靠自己 但之后都是直播上课这个我很喜欢 可能是我自己的学习动力没有那么强，自己也还需要加强 我个人更喜欢那种直播上课
