【软件安装】CentOS7安装Maria DB教程
背景
Maria Db是流行的跨平台MySQL数据库管理系统的分支，被认为是MySQL 的完全替代品。Maria Db是由Sun在Sun Micro systems合并期间被Oracle收购后，于2009年由MySQL的一位原始开发人员创建的。今天，Maria Db由Maria Db Foundation和社区贡献者维护和开发，
Maria Db将MySQL替换为Cent OS 7存储库中的默认数据库系统。虽然将MySQL安装到Cent OS 7并不困难，但是如果您只需要一个数据库，建议使用Maria Db进行官方支持，并且与其他存储库软件不兼容的可能性很小。
$ 表示系统的一般权限，不用使用root 超级管理员权限配置。
开始
要检查您的主机名：
第一个命令应显示您的短主机名，第二个命令应显示您的完全限定域名（FQDN）。
[root@VM_0_4_centos ~]# hostname --version
hostname 3.13
[root@VM_0_4_centos ~]# hostname
VM_0_4_centos
更新您的系统：
$ sudo yum update
安装并启动MariaDB
$ sudo yum install mariadb-server
[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# sudo yum install mariadb-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:15 ago on Mon 15 Nov 2021 06:40:52 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
mariadb-server x86_64 3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d AppStream 16 M
Installing dependencies:
mariadb x86_64 3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d AppStream 6.0 M
mariadb-common x86_64 3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d AppStream 64 k
mariadb-connector-c x86_64 3.1.11-2.el8_3 AppStream 200 k
mariadb-connector-c-config noarch 3.1.11-2.el8_3 AppStream 15 k
mariadb-errmsg x86_64 3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d AppStream 234 k
perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.046-3.module_el8.1.0+203+e45423dc AppStream 156 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.641-3.module_el8.1.0+199+8f0a6bbd AppStream 740 k
perl-Math-BigInt noarch 1:1.9998.11-7.el8 BaseOS 196 k
perl-Math-Complex noarch 1.59-419.el8_4.1 BaseOS 109 k
Installing weak dependencies:
mariadb-backup x86_64 3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d AppStream 6.1 M
mariadb-gssapi-server x86_64 3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d AppStream 51 k
mariadb-server-utils x86_64 3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d AppStream 1.1 M
Enabling module streams:
mariadb 10.3
perl-DBD-MySQL 4.046
perl-DBI 1.641
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 13 Packages
Total download size: 31 M
Installed size: 156 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/13): mariadb-common-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64.rpm 412 kB/s | 64 kB 00:00
(2/13): mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64.rpm 1.4 MB/s | 200 kB 00:00
(3/13): mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch.rpm 325 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(4/13): mariadb-errmsg-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64.rpm 2.0 MB/s | 234 kB 00:00
(5/13): mariadb-gssapi-server-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 51 kB 00:00
(6/13): mariadb-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64.rpm 7.0 MB/s | 6.0 MB 00:00
(7/13): mariadb-backup-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64.rpm 6.1 MB/s | 6.1 MB 00:00
(8/13): mariadb-server-utils-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64.rpm 8.3 MB/s | 1.1 MB 00:00
(9/13): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.046-3.module_el8.1.0+203+e45423dc.x86_64.rpm 2.8 MB/s | 156 kB 00:00
(10/13): perl-DBI-1.641-3.module_el8.1.0+199+8f0a6bbd.x86_64.rpm 8.5 MB/s | 740 kB 00:00
(11/13): perl-Math-BigInt-1.9998.11-7.el8.noarch.rpm 3.2 MB/s | 196 kB 00:00
(12/13): perl-Math-Complex-1.59-419.el8_4.1.noarch.rpm 2.0 MB/s | 109 kB 00:00
(13/13): mariadb-server-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64.rpm 12 MB/s | 16 MB 00:01
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 17 MB/s | 31 MB 00:01
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch 1/13
Installing : mariadb-common-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 2/13
Installing : mariadb-errmsg-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 3/13
Installing : perl-Math-Complex-1.59-419.el8_4.1.noarch 4/13
Installing : perl-Math-BigInt-1:1.9998.11-7.el8.noarch 5/13
Installing : perl-DBI-1.641-3.module_el8.1.0+199+8f0a6bbd.x86_64 6/13
Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.046-3.module_el8.1.0+203+e45423dc.x86_64 7/13
Installing : mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64 8/13
Installing : mariadb-backup-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 9/13
Installing : mariadb-gssapi-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 10/13
Installing : mariadb-server-utils-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 11/13
Running scriptlet: mariadb-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 12/13
Installing : mariadb-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 12/13
Running scriptlet: mariadb-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 12/13
Installing : mariadb-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 13/13
Running scriptlet: mariadb-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 13/13
Verifying : mariadb-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 1/13
Verifying : mariadb-backup-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 2/13
Verifying : mariadb-common-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 3/13
Verifying : mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64 4/13
Verifying : mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch 5/13
Verifying : mariadb-errmsg-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 6/13
Verifying : mariadb-gssapi-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 7/13
Verifying : mariadb-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 8/13
Verifying : mariadb-server-utils-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 9/13
Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.046-3.module_el8.1.0+203+e45423dc.x86_64 10/13
Verifying : perl-DBI-1.641-3.module_el8.1.0+199+8f0a6bbd.x86_64 11/13
Verifying : perl-Math-BigInt-1:1.9998.11-7.el8.noarch 12/13
Verifying : perl-Math-Complex-1.59-419.el8_4.1.noarch 13/13
Installed:
mariadb-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 mariadb-backup-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 mariadb-common-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64 mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch mariadb-errmsg-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
mariadb-gssapi-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 mariadb-server-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64 mariadb-server-utils-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.046-3.module_el8.1.0+203+e45423dc.x86_64 perl-DBI-1.641-3.module_el8.1.0+199+8f0a6bbd.x86_64 perl-Math-BigInt-1:1.9998.11-7.el8.noarch
perl-Math-Complex-1.59-419.el8_4.1.noarch
Complete!
启用MariaDB以在启动时启动，然后启动该服务：
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb
$ sudo systemctl start mariadb
操作如下
[root@VM_0_4_centos ~]# sudo systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@VM_0_4_centos ~]# sudo systemctl start mariadb
[root@VM_0_4_centos ~]# systemctl status mariadb
?.mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-11-13 23:21:06 CST; 18s ago
Process: 20713 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 20618 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 20712 (mysqld_safe)
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
?..20712 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
?..20874 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.lo...
Nov 13 23:21:03 VM_0_4_centos mariadb-prepare-db-dir[20618]: MySQL manual for more instructions.
Nov 13 23:21:03 VM_0_4_centos mariadb-prepare-db-dir[20618]: Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
Nov 13 23:21:03 VM_0_4_centos mariadb-prepare-db-dir[20618]: The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
Nov 13 23:21:03 VM_0_4_centos mariadb-prepare-db-dir[20618]: You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
Nov 13 23:21:03 VM_0_4_centos mariadb-prepare-db-dir[20618]: http://dev.mysql.com
Nov 13 23:21:03 VM_0_4_centos mariadb-prepare-db-dir[20618]: Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
Nov 13 23:21:03 VM_0_4_centos mariadb-prepare-db-dir[20618]: https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
Nov 13 23:21:04 VM_0_4_centos mysqld_safe[20712]: 191113 23:21:04 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
Nov 13 23:21:04 VM_0_4_centos mysqld_safe[20712]: 191113 23:21:04 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
Nov 13 23:21:06 VM_0_4_centos systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
[root@VM_0_4_centos ~]#
默认情况下，MariaDB将绑定到localhost（127.0.0.1）。
注意
允许在公共IP上不受限制地访问MariaDB，但是您可以在/etc/my.cnf中通过修改bind-address参数来更改它侦听的地址。如果您决定将MariaDB绑定到公共IP，则应实施仅允许来自特定IP地址连接的防火墙规则。
安装完成之后，运行一下命令，进入数据库，默认不需要密码
$ mysql -uroot -p
查询数据库列表
$ show databses;
安装到此结束，余下是介绍如何使用配置
初始化配置,MariaDB的相关简单配置
接下来进行
$ mysql_secure_installation
首先是设置密码，会提示先输入密码 123456 # 【#全部回车就是的】
Enter current password for root (enter for none):<–初次运行直接回车
设置密码和其他配置
Set root password? [Y/n] <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password: <– 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 是否删除匿名用户，回车
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–是否禁止root远程登录,回车,
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 是否删除test数据库，回车
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 是否重新加载权限表，回车
初始化MariaDB完成，接下来测试登录，输入一下命令和密码 登录进去 123456
$ mysql -u root -p
安结束了，运行错了重新来一遍 mysql_secure_installation
MariaDB [(none)]> show database;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'database' at line 1
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
操作不会请输入Help
要为MariaDB提示生成命令列表，请输入\h。然后你会看到：
List of all MySQL commands:
Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ';'
? (\?) Synonym for `help'.
clear (\c) Clear the current input statement.
connect (\r) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host.
delimiter (\d) Set statement delimiter.
edit (\e) Edit command with $EDITOR.
ego (\G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically.
exit (\q) Exit mysql. Same as quit.
go (\g) Send command to mysql server.
help (\h) Display this help.
nopager (\n) Disable pager, print to stdout.
notee (\t) Don't write into outfile.
pager (\P) Set PAGER [to_pager]. Print the query results via PAGER.
print (\p) Print current command.
prompt (\R) Change your mysql prompt.
quit (\q) Quit mysql.
rehash (\#) Rebuild completion hash.
source (\.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument.
status (\s) Get status information from the server.
system (\!) Execute a system shell command.
tee (\T) Set outfile [to_outfile]. Append everything into given outfile.
use (\u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument.
charset (\C) Switch to another charset. Might be needed for processing
binlog with multi-byte charsets.
warnings (\W) Show warnings after every statement.
nowarning (\w) Don't show warnings after every statement.
For server side help, type 'help contents'
MariaDB [(none)]>
重置MariaDB Root密码
如果您忘记了root 密码，则可以重置密码。
停止当前的MariaDB服务器实例，然后使用不要求输入密码的选项重新启动它：
sudo systemctl stop mariadb
sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
使用MariaDB root帐户重新连接到MariaDB服务器：
mysql -u root
使用以下命令重置root的密码。用强密码替换password：
use mysql;
update user SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD("password") WHERE USER='root';
flush privileges;
exit
然后重启MariaDB：
sudo systemctl start mariadb
作者：Dotnet小小秋
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