Django初级手册5-自动化测试
什么是自动化测试
- 每次更新完系统后，可自动进行测试，而不是手工从头测试一遍；
- 从长远和全局的角度看，测试能节约我们的时间；
- 测试是一种积极的行为，它能预防问题，而不仅仅是识别问题；
- 测试有助于代码美观和团队合作；
- 测试能使你详细你的代码，没有测试的代码存在设计漏洞；
- 测试可以边编写边执行，也可以测试为驱动，或者最后进行测试；
model部分的测试
tests.py文件
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase
from polls.models import Poll
class PollMethodTests(TestCase):
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for polls whose
pub_date is in the future
"""
future_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
self.assertEqual(future_poll.was_published_recently(), False)运行命令
python manage.py test polls流程如下：
- 首先寻找polls应用下的tests
- 找到了django.test.TestCase的子类
- 创建了以测试为目的的数据库
- 寻找测试的方法——以test开头的方法
- 在方法中，创建了一个Poll的对象
- 用断言的方法返回结果
修正BUG
def was_published_recently(self):
now = timezone.now()
return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date < now完整的测试
def test_was_published_recently_with_old_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for polls whose pub_date
is older than 1 day
"""
old_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30))
self.assertEqual(old_poll.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return True for polls whose pub_date
is within the last day
"""
recent_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1))
self.assertEqual(recent_poll.was_published_recently(), True)视图层的测试
Django测试client
此过程不会创建测试数据库，因此会修改原有数据库
>>> from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
>>> setup_test_environment()
>>> from django.test.client import Client
>>> client = Client()
>>> response = client.get('/')
>>> from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
>>> response = client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
>>> response.status_code
>>> response.content修正view并测试
不显示未来发表的投票
from django.utils import timezone
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Return the last five published polls (not including those set to be
published in the future).
"""
return Poll.objects.filter(
pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]进行测试
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
def create_poll(question, days):
"""
Creates a poll with the given `question` published the given number of
`days` offset to now (negative for polls published in the past,
positive for polls that have yet to be published).
"""
return Poll.objects.create(question=question,
pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days))
class PollViewTests(TestCase):
def test_index_view_with_no_polls(self):
"""
If no polls exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
"""
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_poll_list'], [])
def test_index_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
Polls with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the index page.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll.", days=-30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll.>']
)
def test_index_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
Polls with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on the
index page.
"""
create_poll(question="Future poll.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", status_code=200)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_poll_list'], [])
def test_index_view_with_future_poll_and_past_poll(self):
"""
Even if both past and future polls exist, only past polls should be
displayed.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll.", days=-30)
create_poll(question="Future poll.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll.>']
)
def test_index_view_with_two_past_polls(self):
"""
The polls index page may display multiple polls.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll 1.", days=-30)
create_poll(question="Past poll 2.", days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll 2.>', '<Poll: Past poll 1.>']
)- create_poll是为了减少代码冗余；
- assertEqual判断变量相等，assertQuerysetEqual判断列表等集合相等；
- assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")判断返回值，也可增加self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", status_code=200)；
测试DetailView
为了避免直接通过URL访问未来的测试，我们修改view.py中的相应页面；
class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
...
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Excludes any polls that aren't published yet.
"""
return Poll.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())增加相应的测试页面
class PollIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
def test_detail_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
The detail view of a poll with a pub_date in the future should
return a 404 not found.
"""
future_poll = create_poll(question='Future poll.', days=5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_poll.id,)))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
def test_detail_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
The detail view of a poll with a pub_date in the past should display
the poll's question.
"""
past_poll = create_poll(question='Past Poll.', days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_poll.id,)))
self.assertContains(response, past_poll.question, status_code=200)未来测试的建议
- 不要怕测试多，测试越多越好；
- 每个model or view，都有独立的TestClass；
- 每个测试方法，都有一个你想要测试的独立环境；
- 测试方法的名字要描述他们的功能；
