泛型: Context Bounds
// //定义一个隐式值, 这个值不能少, 要不找不到比较的对象
implicit val personCompartor = new Ordering[Person] {
override def compare(p1: Person, p2: Person): Int = {
p1.age - p2.age
}
}
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val jack = new Person("jack", 20)
val tom = new Person("tom", 30)
val compareComm1 = new CompareComm(jack, tom)
println(compareComm1.greater)
println("---------------------")
val compareComm2 = new CompareComm2(jack, tom)
println(compareComm2.geatter)
println("--------------------------")
val compareComm3 = new CompareComm3(jack, tom)
println(compareComm3.greatter)
}
}
// 一个普通漫的personl类
class Person(val name: String, val age: Int) {
override def toString: String = this.name + "\t" + this.age
}
/** 方式1
* implicit comparetor: Ordering[T] 是一个隐式参数
* 前面Ordered , Ordering
* Ordered和Ordering的区别
* Ordering继承了java中的Comparator接口,而Ordered继承了java的Comparable接口。
* 在java中的Comparator是一个外部比较器(需要定义一个类来实现比较器),而Comparable则是一个内部比较器,在类内部重载compareTo函数。
*
*/
class CompareComm[T: Ordering](obj1: T, obj2: T)(implicit comparetor: Ordering[T]) {
def greater = if (comparetor.compare(obj1, obj2) > 0) obj1 else obj2
}
/**
* 方式二
* 隐式参数也可以直接写到方法中
*/
class CompareComm2[T: Ordering](obj1: T, obj2: T) {
def geatter = {
def f1(implicit comparetor: Ordering[T]) = comparetor.compare(obj1, obj2)
if (f1 > 0) obj1 else obj2
}
}
/**
* 方式3,使用implicitly语法糖,最简单(推荐使用)
*/
class CompareComm3[T: Ordering](obj1: T, obj2: T) {
def greatter = {
//发生隐式转换,获取到隐式值 personComparetor
val comparetor = implicitly[Ordering[T]]
if (comparetor.compare(obj1, obj2) > 0) obj1 else obj2
}
}
模式匹配日志:
//标准模式匹配, 可以在匹配中读取变量名称, 模式中也可是设置守卫, 可以变量赋值_newVa
def judgeGrade(name: String, grade: String) {
grade match {
case "A" => println(name + ", you are excellent")
case "B" => println(name + ", you are good")
case "C" => println(name + ", you are just so so")
case _newValu if name == "leo" => println(name + ", you are a good boy, come on ,_newValu: " + _newValu)
case _ => println("you need to work harder")
}
}
judgeGrade("leo", "D")
//类型模式匹配
def test(e: Exception): Unit = {
e match {
case e1: IllegalArgumentException => println("IllegualArgument")
case e2: FileNotFoundException => println("FileNotFoundExceptino")
case e3: NullPointerException => println("NullPointer")
case _: Exception => println("common Exception")
}
}
//对 Array 进行模式匹配
def greeting(arr: Array[String]) {
arr match {
case Array("Leo") => println("Hi, Leo!")
case Array(girl1, girl2, girl3) => println("Hi, girls, nice to meet you. " + girl1 + " and " + girl2 + " and " + girl3)
case Array("Leo", _*) => println("Hi, Leo, please introduce your friends to me.")
case _ => println("hey, who are you?")
}
}
//对 List 进行模式匹配
def greeting(list: List[String]) {
list match {
case "Leo" :: Nil => println("Hi, Leo!") //一个元素, 后面是 nil
case girl1 :: girl2 :: girl3 :: Nil => println("Hi, girls, nice to meet you. " + girl1 + " and " + girl2 + " and " + girl3)
case "Leo" :: tail => println("Hi, Leo, please introduce your friends to me.")
case _ => println("hey, who are you?")
}
}
//case Class 模式匹配
class Person
case class Teacher(name: String, subject: String) extends Person
case class Student(name: String, classroom: String) extends Person
def judgeIdentify(p: Person) {
p match {
case Teacher(name, subject) => println("Teacher, name is " + name + ", subject is " + subject)
case Student(name, classroom) => println("Student, name is " + name + ", classroom is " + classroom)
case _ => println("Illegal access, please go out of the school!")
}
}
//Option 模式匹配
val grades = Map("Leo" -> "A", "Jack" -> "B", "Jen" -> "C")
def getGrade(name: String) {
val grade = grades.get(name)
grade match {
case Some(grade) => println("your grade is " + grade)
case None => println("Sorry, your grade information is not in the system")
}
}