GUI编程
1. GUI编程
1.1 简介
- GUI（Graphical User Interface）图形用户界面
- GUI的核心技术：Swing、AWT
- 需要jre环境
1.2 组件
- 窗口
- 浮窗
- 面板
- 文本框
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标
- 键盘事件
- 外挂
- 破解工具
2. AWT
2.1 AWT简介
- AWT（Abstract Window Toolkit）抽象窗口工具包
- 包含很多类和接口
- 元素：窗口、按钮、文本框
- java.awt
2.2 窗口Frame
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面");
frame.setSize(400, 400); //设置窗口大小
frame.setLocation(200,200); //弹窗的初始位置
frame.setBackground(new Color(221, 190, 215)); //设置背景颜色
frame.setResizable(false); //大小固定
frame.setVisible(true); //设置可见性
}
}
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.green);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.pink);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
static int id = 0; //可能存在多个窗口，我们需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color) {
super("MyFrame,id="+id++); //super() 调用父类构造器初始化父类部分
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setBackground(color);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2.3 面板Panel
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel(); //Panel可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
frame.setLayout(null); //设置布局
frame.setBounds(300, 300, 500, 500);
frame.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(Color.pink);
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件：监听窗口关闭时间
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { //适配器模式
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.4 布局管理器
（1）流式布局
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestFlowLayout");
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
frame.setSize(200, 200);
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件：监听窗口关闭时间
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { //适配器模式
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
（2）东西南北中
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("east");
Button west = new Button("west");
Button south = new Button("south");
Button north = new Button("north");
Button center = new Button("center");
//设置为东西南北中布局
frame.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200, 200);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
（3）表格布局
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
Button button4 = new Button("button4");
Button button5 = new Button("button5");
Button button6 = new Button("button6");
//设置为表格布局
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); //3行2列
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.add(button4);
frame.add(button5);
frame.add(button6);
frame.pack(); //自动布局
frame.setSize(200, 200);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
（4）练习
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("嵌套布局示例");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//4个面板
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
p1.add(new Button("east-1"), BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(new Button("west-2"), BorderLayout.WEST);
p2.add(new Button("center-1-1"));
p2.add(new Button("center-2-1"));
p1.add(p2, BorderLayout.CENTER);
p3.add(new Button("east-2"), BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(new Button("west-2"), BorderLayout.WEST);
p4.add(new Button("center-1-1"));
p4.add(new Button("center-1-2"));
p4.add(new Button("center-2-1"));
p4.add(new Button("center-2-2"));
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
// 将所有面板添加到窗体中
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
// 窗体常规设置
frame.setSize(400, 300);
frame.setLocation(300, 400);
frame.setBackground(Color.cyan);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.5 事件监听
（1）按钮
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args){
//按下按钮，触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗口
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮，实现同一个监听
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
//可以显式地定义触发会返回的命令
button2.setActionCommand("停止");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//e.getActionCommand() 获得按钮信息
System.out.println(e.getActionCommand());
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
if(e.getActionCommand().equals("start")) {
}
}
}
（2）文本框
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestText {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
public MyFrame() {
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter，就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
windowClose(this);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();
System.out.println(field.getText()); //获得输入框的文本
field.setText("");
}
}
2.6 简易计算器
（1）oop原则
组合大于继承，降低耦合性
//继承
public A extends B{
}
//组合
public A{
public B b;
}
（2）实现
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
//记录当前选择的运算符
private String Operator = "";
public Calculator(){
setTitle("Calculator");
//3个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10); //字符数
TextField num2 = new TextField(10); //字符数
TextField num3 = new TextField(20); //字符数
//6个按钮
Button add = new Button("+");
Button sub = new Button("-");
Button mul = new Button("*");
Button div = new Button("/");
Button equal = new Button("=");
Button clear = new Button("Clear");
//3个标签
Label label1 = new Label("/");
Label label2 = new Label("/");
Label label3 = new Label("/");
//创建监听实例，传递文本框引用
CalculatorListener listener = new CalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3,this);
//为按钮添加监听器
add.addActionListener(listener);
sub.addActionListener(listener);
mul.addActionListener(listener);
div.addActionListener(listener);
equal.addActionListener(listener);
clear.addActionListener(listener);
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(add);
add(label1);
add(sub);
add(label2);
add(mul);
add(label3);
add(div);
add(num2);
add(equal);
add(num3);
add(clear);
//添加窗口关闭事件
windowClose(this);
//窗口设置
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
public void setOperator(String operator) {
this.Operator = operator;
}
public String getOperator(){
return this.Operator;
}
}
//监听器类
class CalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
//获取3个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
private Calculator calculator;
public CalculatorListener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3,Calculator calculator) {
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String command = e.getActionCommand();
switch (command) {
case "+":
case "-":
case "*":
case "/":
//记录运算符，但不计算
calculator.setOperator(command);
break;
case "=":
//执行计算
performCalculation();
break;
case "Clear":
//清除所有的文本框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
num3.setText("");
calculator.setOperator("");
break;
}
}
private void performCalculation() {
try {
//1.获得操作数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
String operator = calculator.getOperator();
//2.根据运算符计算结果
int result = 0;
switch(operator) {
case "+":
result = n1 + n2;
break;
case "-":
result = n1 - n2;
break;
case "*":
result = n1 * n2;
break;
case "/":
if(n2 == 0) {
num3.setText("错误：除零");
return;
}
result = n1 / n2;
break;
default:
num3.setText("请先选择运算符");
return;
}
//3.显示结果
num3.setText(String.valueOf(result));
//4.清空前两个文本框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
calculator.setOperator("");
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
num3.setText("输入错误");
}
}
}
（3）优化
面向对象写法
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3; //3个文本框
private String Operator = ""; //记录当前选择的运算符
//方法
public void loadFrame() {
setTitle("Calculator");
num1 = new TextField(10);
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3 = new TextField(20);
//6个按钮
Button add = new Button("+");
Button sub = new Button("-");
Button mul = new Button("*");
Button div = new Button("/");
Button equal = new Button("=");
Button clear = new Button("Clear");
//3个标签
Label label1 = new Label("/");
Label label2 = new Label("/");
Label label3 = new Label("/");
//创建监听实例，传递文本框引用
CalculatorListener listener = new CalculatorListener(this);
//为按钮添加监听器
add.addActionListener(listener);
sub.addActionListener(listener);
mul.addActionListener(listener);
div.addActionListener(listener);
equal.addActionListener(listener);
clear.addActionListener(listener);
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(add);
add(label1);
add(sub);
add(label2);
add(mul);
add(label3);
add(div);
add(num2);
add(equal);
add(num3);
add(clear);
//添加窗口关闭事件
windowClose(this);
//窗口设置
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
public void setOperator(String operator) {
this.Operator = operator;
}
public String getOperator(){
return this.Operator;
}
}
//监听器类
class CalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
//获取计算器这个对象，在一个类中组合另一个类
Calculator calculator;
public CalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String command = e.getActionCommand();
switch (command) {
case "+":
case "-":
case "*":
case "/":
//记录运算符，但不计算
calculator.setOperator(command);
break;
case "=":
//执行计算
performCalculation();
break;
case "Clear":
//清除所有的文本框
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
calculator.num3.setText("");
calculator.setOperator("");
break;
}
}
private void performCalculation() {
try {
//1.获得操作数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
String operator = calculator.getOperator();
//2.根据运算符计算结果
int result;
switch(operator) {
case "+":
result = n1 + n2;
break;
case "-":
result = n1 - n2;
break;
case "*":
result = n1 * n2;
break;
case "/":
if(n2 == 0) {
calculator.num3.setText("错误：除零");
return;
}
result = n1 / n2;
break;
default:
calculator.num3.setText("请先选择运算符");
return;
}
//3.显示结果
calculator.num3.setText(String.valueOf(result));
//4.清空前两个文本框
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
calculator.setOperator("");
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
calculator.num3.setText("输入错误");
}
}
}
（4）再优化
内部类
- 内部类的优势：直接访问外部类的私有成员
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3; //3个文本框
private String Operator = ""; //记录当前选择的运算符
//方法
public void loadFrame() {
setTitle("Calculator");
num1 = new TextField(10);
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3 = new TextField(20);
//6个按钮
Button add = new Button("+");
Button sub = new Button("-");
Button mul = new Button("*");
Button div = new Button("/");
Button equal = new Button("=");
Button clear = new Button("Clear");
//3个标签
Label label1 = new Label("/");
Label label2 = new Label("/");
Label label3 = new Label("/");
//创建监听实例，传递文本框引用
CalculatorListener listener = new CalculatorListener();
//为按钮添加监听器
add.addActionListener(listener);
sub.addActionListener(listener);
mul.addActionListener(listener);
div.addActionListener(listener);
equal.addActionListener(listener);
clear.addActionListener(listener);
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(add);
add(label1);
add(sub);
add(label2);
add(mul);
add(label3);
add(div);
add(num2);
add(equal);
add(num3);
add(clear);
//添加窗口关闭事件
windowClose(this);
//窗口设置
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
public void setOperator(String operator) {
this.Operator = operator;
}
public String getOperator(){
return this.Operator;
}
//监听器类
private class CalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String command = e.getActionCommand();
switch (command) {
case "+":
case "-":
case "*":
case "/":
//记录运算符，但不计算
setOperator(command);
break;
case "=":
//执行计算
performCalculation();
break;
case "Clear":
//清除所有的文本框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
num3.setText("");
setOperator("");
break;
}
}
private void performCalculation() {
try {
//1.获得操作数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
String operator = getOperator();
//2.根据运算符计算结果
int result;
switch(operator) {
case "+":
result = n1 + n2;
break;
case "-":
result = n1 - n2;
break;
case "*":
result = n1 * n2;
break;
case "/":
if(n2 == 0) {
num3.setText("错误：除零");
return;
}
result = n1 / n2;
break;
default:
num3.setText("请先选择运算符");
return;
}
//3.显示结果
num3.setText(String.valueOf(result));
//4.清空前两个文本框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
setOperator("");
}catch(NumberFormatException e){
num3.setText("输入错误");
}
}
}
}
2.7 画笔
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame {
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
windowClose(this);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔，自动调用
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(100,100,100,100); //空心圆
g.fillOval(250,100,100,100); //实心圆
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRect(100,200,250,100);
//画笔用完，还原至最初的黑色
g.setColor(Color.black);
}
//关闭窗口
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.8 鼠标监听
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
private ArrayList<Point> points;
//画板
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200, 200, 600, 500);
//存鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
windowClose(this);
//鼠标监听器，针对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
public void paint(Graphics g) {
super.paint(g); //清除和绘制基础内容
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
for(Point point : points) { //优化后的写法，使用增强for循环
g.fillOval(point.x - 5, point.y - 5, 10, 10);
}
}
/*
// 原来的写法
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.fillOval(point.x - 5, point.y - 5, 10, 10);
}
*/
//适配器监听鼠标事件，刷新
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
points.add(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
repaint();
}
}
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.9 窗口监听
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame {
public WindowFrame() {
setBackground(Color.PINK);
setBounds(100, 100, 450, 300);
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){ //匿名内部类
//关闭窗口
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
setVisible(false); //隐藏窗口
System.out.println("Window closed");
System.exit(0); //正常退出
}
//激活窗口
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame)e.getSource();
source.setTitle("windowActivated");
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
});
}
}
2.10 键盘监听
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//键盘监听事件
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
public KeyFrame(){
setTitle("KeyFrame");
setBackground(Color.PINK);
setBounds(100, 100, 450, 300);
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
System.out.println("Key pressed: " + keyCode);
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_W) {
System.out.println("up");
}
}
});
}
}
3. Swing
3.1 窗口JFrame、面板Content Pane
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
//init(); 初始化
public void init(){
//顶级窗口容器
JFrame jf = new JFrame("JFrame");
jf.setBounds(100, 100, 300, 300);
//内容面板
jf.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.PINK);
//设置文字
JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");
//设置水平居中
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
jf.add(label);
//关闭事件
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
jf.setVisible(true);
}
}
3.2 弹窗JDialog
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo() {
setBounds(100, 100, 450, 300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null); //绝对布局
container.setBackground(Color.PINK);
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出对话框");
button.setBounds(200, 150, 150, 30);
button.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
container.add(button);
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
new MyDialog();
}
});
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗
class MyDialog extends JDialog {
public MyDialog() {
this.setTitle("My Dialog");
this.setBounds(200, 180, 250, 100);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
JLabel label = new JLabel("hellooooo");
label.setBounds(10, 10, 200, 30);
label.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 16));
label.setForeground(Color.RED);
container.add(label);
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
3.3 标签Icon
（1）图片标签
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public static void main(String[] args){
new IconDemo(10,10).init();
}
//无参构造
public IconDemo(){
}
public IconDemo(int width, int height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){
setBounds(200,200,500,400);
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(width, height);
//文字和图表在标签内水平对齐
JLabel label = new JLabel("Icon",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
（2）图像标签
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
public ImageIconDemo() {
setBounds(50,50,800,800);
JLabel label = new JLabel("西西");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("xx.jpg");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
3.4 面板
（1）JPanel
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo(){
this.setBounds(100, 100, 450, 300);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//行，列，水平间距，垂直间距
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2,5,5));
JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3,5,5));
panel1.add(new JButton("Hello"));
panel1.add(new JButton("World"));
panel2.add(new JButton("how"));
panel2.add(new JButton("are"));
panel2.add(new JButton("you"));
container.add(panel1);
container.add(panel2);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
（2）JScroll
- 简易记事本
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() {
this.setTitle("JScroll面板");
this.setBounds(100, 100, 250, 300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,30);
textArea.setText("hello world");
//SCroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.5 按钮
（1）图片按钮
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo();
}
public JButtonDemo(){
this.setBounds(200, 200, 350, 350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
//把一个图片变为图标
URL url = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("xx.jpg");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
//把这个图标放在按钮上
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setIcon(icon);
button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
container.add(button);
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
（2）单选按钮
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JButtonDemo2 extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo2();
}
public JButtonDemo2() {
this.setBounds(200, 200, 350, 350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
//单选框
JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("1");
JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("2");
JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("3");
//分组，一个组只能选一个
ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
buttonGroup.add(radioButton1);
buttonGroup.add(radioButton2);
buttonGroup.add(radioButton3);
container.add(radioButton1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(radioButton2, BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(radioButton3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
（3）多选按钮
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JButtonDemo3 extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo3();
}
public JButtonDemo3() {
this.setBounds(200, 200, 350, 350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
//多选框
JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("1");
JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("2");
JCheckBox checkBox3 = new JCheckBox("3");
container.add(checkBox1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox2, BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(checkBox3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
3.6 列表
（1）下拉框
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson6;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboboxDemo1 extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo1();
}
public TestComboboxDemo1() {
this.setBounds(200, 200, 350, 350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
//下拉框
JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
status.addItem("WAITING");
status.addItem("<OK>");
status.addItem("<ERROR>");
panel.add(status, BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(panel);
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
（2）列表框
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson6;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboboxDemo2 extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo2();
}
public TestComboboxDemo2() {
this.setBounds(200, 200, 350, 350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
//生成列表的内容 静态
String[] contents = {"1.WAITING","2.OK","3.ERROR"};
//列表框
JList list = new JList(contents);
/*
//动态
Vector v = new Vector();
JList list = new JList(v);
v.add("1.WAITING");
v.add("2.OK");
v.add("3.ERROR");
*/
container.add(list);
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
（3）应用场景
- 下拉框：选择地区，或者一些单个选项
- 列表框：展示信息，一般是动态扩容
3.7 文本框
（1）文本框
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson6;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo1 extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo1();
}
public TestTextDemo1() {
this.setBounds(200, 200, 350, 350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
//文本框
JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("hello");
JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world");
container.add(textField1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(textField2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
（2）密码框
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson6;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo2 extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo2();
}
public TestTextDemo2() {
this.setBounds(200, 200, 350, 350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
//密码框
JPasswordField password = new JPasswordField(); //默认***
password.setEchoChar('#'); //手动设置###
container.add(password, BorderLayout.NORTH);
this.setVisible(true);
}
}
（3）文本域
package com.snmwyl.GUI.lesson6;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo3 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo3() {
this.setTitle("JScroll面板");
this.setBounds(100, 100, 250, 300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,30);
textArea.setText("hello world");
//SCroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo3();
}
}
4.贪吃蛇
- 素材
package com.snmwyl.GUI.snake;
import javax.swing.*;
//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("");
frame.setBounds(10,10,915,735);
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new GamePanel());
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
package com.snmwyl.GUI.snake;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;
//游戏的画板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
//定义蛇的数据结构
int length;
int[] snakeX = new int[816];
int[] snakeY = new int[816];
String direction;
boolean isStart; //游戏是否开始
boolean isFail; //游戏是否失败
int foodx;
int foody;
Random random = new Random();
int score;
//构造器
public GamePanel() {
init();
this.setFocusable(true); //获得焦点事件
this.addKeyListener(this); //获得键盘监听事件
}
//初始化方法
public void init(){
length = 3;
snakeX[0] = 100; snakeY[0] = 100; //脑袋的坐标
snakeX[1] = 75; snakeY[1] = 100; //第一个身体的坐标
snakeX[2] = 50; snakeY[2] = 100; //第二个身体的坐标
direction = "R";
isStart = false; //游戏当前的状态
isFail = false;
score = 0;
foodx = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
foody = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
timer.start(); //刷新
}
//定时器,以ms为单位，1000ms = 1s
Timer timer = new Timer(100, this);
//绘制面板
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g); //清屏
this.setBackground(Color.WHITE); //绘制静态的面板
g.fillRect(25,75,850,600); //默认的游戏界面
Data.header.paintIcon(this,g,25,11); //头部广告栏
switch(direction){
case "R":Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);break;
case "L":Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);break;
case "U":Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);break;
case "D":Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);break;
}
for(int i = 1; i < length; i++){
Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i]);
}
Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);
if(!isStart){
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏！",280,300);
}
if(isFail){
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
g.drawString("游戏失败！按下空格重新开始！",200,300);
}
//画积分
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 20));
g.drawString("积分" + score,750,35);
}
//事件监听
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
if(isStart && !isFail){
//吃饭
if(snakeX[0] == foodx && snakeY[0] == foody){
length++;
score += 10;
foodx = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
foody = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
}
//移动
for(int i = length - 1; i > 0; i--){
snakeX[i] = snakeX[i - 1];
snakeY[i] = snakeY[i - 1];
}
switch(direction){
case "R":
snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]+25;
//if(snakeX[0] > 850){snakeX[0] = 25;}
break;
case "L":
snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]-25;
//if(snakeX[0] < 25){snakeX[0] = 850;}
break;
case "U":
snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]-25;
//if(snakeY[0] < 75){snakeY[0] = 650;}
break;
case "D":
snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]+25;
//if(snakeY[0] > 650){snakeY[0] = 75;}
break;
}
//失败判定
for(int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
if (snakeX[0] == snakeX[i] && snakeY[0] == snakeY[i]) {
isFail = true;
}
}
if(snakeX[0] < 25 || snakeX[0] > 850 || snakeY[0] < 75 || snakeY[0] > 650){
isFail = true;
}
//刷新
repaint();
}
}
//键盘监听事件
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
switch(keyCode){
case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:
if(isFail){
//重新开始
init();
} else{
isStart = !isStart;
}
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
direction = "U";
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
direction = "D";
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
direction = "L";
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
direction = "R";
break;
}
repaint();
}
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
}
}
package com.snmwyl.GUI.snake;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;
//数据中心
public class Data {
private static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("/static/header.png");
private static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("/static/up.png");
private static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("/static/down.png");
private static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("/static/left.png");
private static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("/static/right.png");
private static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("/static/body.png");
private static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("/static/food.png");
public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);
public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);
public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);
public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}
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