Mysql常用命令
数据定义语句(DDL)
数据库操作
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登录数据库:mysql -uroot -proot
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创建数据库:create database test
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查看所有数据库:show databases
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使用数据库:use test
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查看所有数据表:show tables
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删除数据库:drop database test
表操作
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创建表:create table emp(ename varchar(10),hiredate date,sal decimal(10,2),deptno int(2)) create table dept(deptno int(2),deptname varchar(10))
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查看表的定义:desc emp
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查看表定义(详细):show create table emp \G
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删除表:drop table emp
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修改表字段:alter table emp modify ename varchar(20)
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添加表字段:alter table emp add column age int(3)
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删除表字段:alter table emp drop column age
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字段改名;alter table emp change age age1 int(4)
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修改表名:alter table emp rename emp1
插入记录
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指定名称插入:insert into emp (ename,hiredate,sal,deptno) values ('zhangsan','2018-01-01','2000',1)
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不指定名称插入:insert into emp values ('lisi','2018-01-01','2000',1)
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批量插入数据:insert into dept values(1,'dept1'),(2,'dept2')
修改记录
update emp set sal='4000',deptno=2 where ename='zhangsan'
删除记录
delete from emp where ename='zhangsan'
查询记录
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查询所有记录:select * from emp
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查询不重复的记录:select distinct deptno from emp
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条件查询:select * from emp where deptno=1 and sal<3000
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排序和限制:select * from emp order by deptno desc limit 2
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聚合(查询部门人数大于1的部门编号):select deptno,count(1) from emp group by deptno having count(1) > 1
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连接查询:select * from emp e left join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno
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子查询:select * from emp where deptno in (select deptno from dept)
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记录联合:select deptno from emp union select deptno from dept
数据控制语句(DCL)
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授予操作权限:grant select,insert on test.* to 'test'@'localhost' identified by '123'
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收回操作权限:revoke insert on test.* from 'test'@'localhost'
其他
字符集相关
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查看字符集:show variables like 'character%'
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创建数据库时指定字符集:create database mall character set utf8
修改时区
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修改mysql全局时区为北京时间,即我们所在的东8区:set global time_zone = '+8:00';
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修改当前会话时区:set time_zone = '+8:00'
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立即生效:flush privileges
权限相关
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授予所有数据库的所有权限:grant all privileges on . to z1@localhost identified by '123'
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授予所有数据库的所有权限(包括grant):grant all privileges on . to z1@localhost with grant option
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授予SUPER PROCESS FILE权限:grant super,process,file on . to z3@localhost
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只授予登录权限:grant usage on . to z4@localhost
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查看账号权限:show grants for z1@localhost
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修改自己的密码:set password = password('123')
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管理员修改他人密码:set password for 'z1'@'localhost' = password('123')
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