docker基本命令

学习内容来自狂神说docker

帮助命令

docker version #显示docker版本
docker info #显示docker系统信息，包括容器和镜像
docker 命令 --help #最好用
帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline

镜像命令

docker images #查看镜像

[root@slwedu ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
redis         latest    7e89539dd8bd   2 weeks ago     130MB
hello-world   latest    9c7a54a9a43c   2 months ago    13.3kB
nginx         latest    2d389e545974   10 months ago   142MB


#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像仓库源
TAG        镜像标签
IMAGE ID   镜像ID  
CREATED    镜像创建时间
SIZE       镜像大小

#可选项
-a --all   展示所有镜像
-q --quiet 只展示镜像ID

docker search #搜索镜像
docker pull #拉取镜像
docker rmi #删除镜像

docker rmi -f 镜像id  #删除指定镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)  #删除所有镜像

容器命令

docker run [可选参数] image

参数说明
--name="" 参数名称
-d 后台方式运行
-it 交互模式运行，进入容器内部
-p 指定容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
docker ps #当前运行容器
列出当前正在运行的容器
-a 列出当前正在运行容器+历史运行容器
-n=？显示最近容器
-q 只显示容器编号
退出容器

  exit 
  Ctrl+P+Q

删除容器

    docker rm 容器id
    docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  #删除所有容器

启动和停止容器的操作

  docker start 容器id     #启动容器
  docker stop  容器id     #停止容器
  docker restart 容器id   #重启容器
  docker kill 容器id      #强制停止容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

docker run -d 镜像名

#docker容器使用后台运行，必须要有一个前台进行，否则会自动退出，使用docker ps无法查看

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器名
  -tf                    #显示日志
  --tail number          #查看最近number条日志

查看容器进程信息ps

docker top 容器id
[root@slwedu ~]# docker top 1469fa959c54
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                6451                6430                0                   15:51               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo centos-find;sleep 5;done
root                6524                6451                0                   15:52               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5

查看镜像元数据

[root@slwedu ~]# docker inspect 1469fa959c54
[
    {
        "Id": "1469fa959c54abdf3636ee0331219d075645c319284e8b9cf8051c0fdfbc5e03",
        "Created": "2023-08-01T07:48:13.100922388Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo centos-find;sleep 5;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 6451,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2023-08-01T07:51:27.102767075Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2023-08-01T07:49:09.296073797Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1469fa959c54abdf3636ee0331219d075645c319284e8b9cf8051c0fdfbc5e03/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1469fa959c54abdf3636ee0331219d075645c319284e8b9cf8051c0fdfbc5e03/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1469fa959c54abdf3636ee0331219d075645c319284e8b9cf8051c0fdfbc5e03/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1469fa959c54abdf3636ee0331219d075645c319284e8b9cf8051c0fdfbc5e03/1469fa959c54abdf3636ee0331219d075645c319284e8b9cf8051c0fdfbc5e03-json.log",
        "Name": "/loving_hellman",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f9cec1f197c2877d0445a084f20cc4c2ba2c4795f39909e6131da3e4f647cd8-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bce64cbcac1af0c228c34c227542a0504e8735ff94d2e1d097bcb2c7901e90d0/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f9cec1f197c2877d0445a084f20cc4c2ba2c4795f39909e6131da3e4f647cd8/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f9cec1f197c2877d0445a084f20cc4c2ba2c4795f39909e6131da3e4f647cd8/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f9cec1f197c2877d0445a084f20cc4c2ba2c4795f39909e6131da3e4f647cd8/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "1469fa959c54",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo centos-find;sleep 5;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "b0ff23abad8bf9f36138d2409efbd98213ed5a4bc05aef7f2c84a53e16b44105",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b0ff23abad8b",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "175a583b44db4f04ba90329bd3d003ae18951cd16752fcbf36740d9f3029c1ad",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "a3badc9e7b061895adaa319e925cd6667991f845d2f3606d9c67300e7298e4d9",
                    "EndpointID": "175a583b44db4f04ba90329bd3d003ae18951cd16752fcbf36740d9f3029c1ad",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

 #命令
docker exec -it 容器id bash #开启新的终端，可以在里面进行操作
 
docker attach 容器id        #进入当前正在运行的进程

在主机和容器间拷贝文件

docker cp 容器id:/home/content /home/     #从容器内拷贝数据到外部

命令小结

posted @ 2023-08-01 16:37 for坚持ret胜利阅读(57) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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docker基本命令

学习内容来自狂神说docker

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