类与对象的方法 __privatevar

给C++/Java/C#程序员的注释
Python中所有的类成员（包括数据成员）都是 公共的 ，所有的方法都是 有效的 。
只有一个例外：如果你使用的数据成员名称以 双下划线前缀 比如__privatevar，Python的名称管理体系会有效地把它作为私有变量。
这样就有一个惯例，如果某个变量只想在类或对象中使用，就应该以单下划线前缀。而其他的名称都将作为公共的，可以被其他类/对象使用。记住这只是一个惯例，并不是Python所要求的（与双下划线前缀不同）。
同样，注意__del__方法与 destructor 的概念类似。

# -*- coding:gb2312 -*-
import subprocess
import sys
#subprocess.call("pause",shell=True)
#subprocess.call("cls",shell=True)
#sys.exit(0)

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: objvar.py

class Person:
    '''Represents a person.'''
    population = 0

    def __init__(self, name):
        '''Initializes the person's data.'''
        self.name = name
        print '(Initializing %s)' % self.name

        # When this person is created, he/she
        # adds to the population
        Person.population += 1

    def __del__(self):
        '''I am dying.'''
        print '%s says bye.' % self.name

        Person.population -= 1

        if Person.population == 0:
            print 'I am the last one.'
        else:
            print 'There are still %d people left.' % Person.population

    def sayHi(self):
        '''Greeting by the person.

        Really, that's all it does.'''
        print 'Hi, my name is %s.' % self.name

    def howMany(self):
        '''Prints the current population.'''
        if Person.population == 1:
            print 'I am the only person here.'
        else:
            print 'We have %d persons here.' % Person.population

swaroop = Person('Swaroop')
swaroop.sayHi()
swaroop.howMany()

kalam = Person('Abdul Kalam')
kalam.sayHi()
kalam.howMany()

swaroop.sayHi()
swaroop.howMany()

'''
(Initializing Swaroop)
Hi, my name is Swaroop.
I am the only person here.
(Initializing Abdul Kalam)
Hi, my name is Abdul Kalam.
We have 2 persons here.
Hi, my name is Swaroop.
We have 2 persons here.
Swaroop says bye.
There are still 1 people left.
Abdul Kalam says bye.
I am the last one.
'''