SpringMVC环境搭建

包结构

1.导入相关依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>

2.配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--1.配置DispatchServlet: 这个是SpringMVC的核心; 请求分发器,前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--DispatchServlet要绑定Spring的配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别:1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--
        在SpringMVC中: / /*
        /: 只匹配所有的请求,不会去匹配jsp页面
        /*: 只匹配所有的请求,包括jsp页面
    -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--2.配置 SpringMVC的乱码过滤-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

3.SpringMVC配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器同意管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.song.controller"/>

    <!--让SpringMVC不处理静态资源-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--
    支持mvc注解驱动
        在Spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
        要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
        必须想上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
        和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
        这个两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理
        而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入.
    -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

4.Controller

package com.song.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model) {
        // 封装数据
        model.addAttribute("msg", "Hello,SpringMVCAnnotation");

        return "hello"; //会被视图解析器处理
    }
}

5.view

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

${msg}

</body>
</html>

常见问题

• 404可能原因:结构未添加lib包