线性表的链式存储-单链表
单链表操作
单链表的创建
头插法
forward_list* creat_3() //头插法
{
forward_list *head,*s;
int num;
head = NULL;//链表初始状态为空
while(scanf("%d",&num) && num)
{
s = (forward_list*)malloc(sizeof(forward_list));
s->data = num;
s->next = head;
head = s;//将新结点插入到表头
}
return head;
}
尾插法（不含头结点）
//尾插法建表
forward_list* creat_1()
{
forward_list *head=NULL;//头指针，初始状态为空
forward_list *rear=NULL;//尾指针，初始状态为空
int num;
forward_list *s;
while(scanf("%d",&num) == 1 && num)//输入0结束
{
s = (forward_list*)malloc(sizeof(forward_list));
s->data = num;
if(head == NULL)//将新节点加入空表
head = s;
else //原表非空，将新节点链接到表尾之后
rear->next = s;
rear = s;//尾指针指向新的表尾
}
if(rear!= NULL)//对于非空表，将尾结点的下一个结点置空
rear->next = NULL;
return head;
}
尾插法（含头结点）
//尾插法建表,包含头结点
forward_list* creat_2()
{
forward_list *s;
forward_list *head, *rear;
int num;
head = (forward_list*)malloc(sizeof(forward_list));
rear = head;
while(scanf("%d",&num)==1 && num)
{
s = (forward_list*)malloc(sizeof(forward_list));
s->data = num;
rear->next = s;
rear = s;//表指针指向新的表尾
}
rear->next = NULL;
return head;
}
单链表的查找操作
按值查找
void search_1(forward_list *s, int x)
{
forward_list *p;
p = s;
while(p != NULL)
{
if(p->data == x)
{
printf("\nthe value : %d is exist !\n",x);
return ;
}
p = p->next;
}
printf("\nthe value : %d is not fonud !\n",x);
}
按值查找（包含头结点）
void search_2(forward_list *s, int x)//带头节点
{
forward_list *p;
p = s->next;//emmmm
while(p != NULL)
{
if(p->data == x)
{
printf("\nthe value : %d is exist !\n",x);
return ;
}
p = p->next;
}
printf("\nthe value : %d is not fonud !\n",x);
}
单链表的删除操作
按给定结点的位置删除（带头结点）
void delete_1(forward_list *head,int i) //删除第i个节点(单链表包含头节点)
{
int j=0;
forward_list *p,*q;
p=head;
j=0;
while((p->next!=NULL)&&(j<i-1))
{
p=p->next;
j++;
}
if(p->next!=NULL)
{
q=p->next;
p->next=p->next->next;
free(q);
}
else
printf("illegal delete position,delete failed!");
}
按照指定值删除结点(不带头结点)
void forward_list_delete_1(forward_list *s,int x)//删除链表（不带头节点）中指定值的元素
{
forward_list *p;
forward_list *temp;//用来存放被删除元素的前一个结点
p = s;
if(x == p->data)
free(p);
temp = p;
p = p->next;
while(p != NULL)
{
if(p->data == x)
{
temp->next = p->next;
free(p);
return ;
}
temp = p;
p = p->next;
}
printf("\n你要删除的元素 %d 不在表中\n",x);
return ;
}
单链表的逆置
头插法逆置(带头结点)
void reverse_2(forward_list *head)//头插法逆置,带头节点
{
forward_list *p,*q;
p=head->next;
head->next=NULL;
while(p)
{
q=p;
p=p->next;
q->next=head->next;
head->next=q;
}
}
计算单链表的表长
*** 带头结点 ***
void list_length_2(forward_list *s)
{
int count;
forward_list *p=s->next;
while(p)
{
count++;
p = p->next;
}
printf("\nlist length: %d\n",count);
}
*** 不带头结点 ***
void list_length_1(forward_list *s)
{
int count;
forward_list *p=s;
while(p)
{
count++;
p = p->next;
}
printf("\nlist length: %d\n",count);
}
打印单链表
*** 带头结点 ***
void print_forward_list_2(forward_list *s)//打印含头节点的单链表
{
forward_list *p;
p = s->next;//因为含有头节点，head->data的数据域的数据未知
while(p != NULL)
{
printf("%-3d",p->data);
p = p->next;
}
return ;
}
*** 不带头结点 ***
void print_forward_list_1(forward_list *s)//打印单链表
{
forward_list *p;
p = s;
while(p != NULL)
{
printf("%4d",p->data);
p = p->next;
}
return ;
}
试试
源程序
#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//定义单链表结点类型
typedef struct node{
int data; //结点数据域
struct node *next; //结点指针域
}forward_list;
//尾插法建表
forward_list* creat_1()
{
forward_list *head=NULL;//头指针，初始状态为空
forward_list *rear=NULL;//尾指针，初始状态为空
int num;
forward_list *s;
while(scanf("%d",&num) == 1 && num)//输入0结束
{
s = (forward_list*)malloc(sizeof(forward_list));
s->data = num;
if(head == NULL)//将新节点加入空表
head = s;
else //原表非空，将新节点链接到表尾之后
rear->next = s;
rear = s;//尾指针指向新的表尾
}
if(rear!= NULL)//对于非空表，将尾结点的下一个结点置空
rear->next = NULL;
return head;
}
//尾插法建表,包含头结点
forward_list* creat_2()
{
forward_list *s;
forward_list *head, *rear;
int num;
head = (forward_list*)malloc(sizeof(forward_list));
rear = head;
while(scanf("%d",&num)==1 && num)
{
s = (forward_list*)malloc(sizeof(forward_list));
s->data = num;
rear->next = s;
rear = s;//表指针指向新的表尾
}
rear->next = NULL;
return head;
}
forward_list* creat_3() //头插法
{
forward_list *head,*s;
int num;
head = NULL;//链表初始状态为空
while(scanf("%d",&num) && num)
{
s = (forward_list*)malloc(sizeof(forward_list));
s->data = num;
s->next = head;
head = s;//将新结点插入到表头
}
return head;
}
void search_1(forward_list *s, int x)
{
forward_list *p;
p = s;
while(p != NULL)
{
if(p->data == x)
{
printf("\nthe value : %d is exist !\n",x);
return ;
}
p = p->next;
}
printf("\nthe value : %d is not fonud !\n",x);
}
void search_2(forward_list *s, int x)//带头节点
{
forward_list *p;
p = s->next;//emmmm
while(p != NULL)
{
if(p->data == x)
{
printf("\nthe value : %d is exist !\n",x);
return ;
}
p = p->next;
}
printf("\nthe value : %d is not fonud !\n",x);
}
void reverse_1(forward_list *head)//头插法逆置单链表
{
forward_list *p;
forward_list *temp;
p = head;//存好之前的单链表
//printf("\n%d\n",p->data);
head->next = NULL;
while(p)
{
temp = p;
//printf("1");
p = p->next;
temp->next = head->next;
head = temp;
printf("\n%d\n",head->data);
}
}
void reverse_2(forward_list *head)//头插法逆置,带头节点
{
forward_list *p,*q;
p=head->next;
head->next=NULL;
while(p)
{
q=p;
p=p->next;
q->next=head->next;
head->next=q;
}
}
void forward_list_delete_1(forward_list *s,int x)//删除链表（不带头节点）中指定值的元素
{
forward_list *p;
forward_list *temp;//用来存放被删除元素的前一个结点
p = s;
if(x == p->data)
free(p);
temp = p;
p = p->next;
while(p != NULL)
{
if(p->data == x)
{
temp->next = p->next;
free(p);
return ;
}
temp = p;
p = p->next;
}
printf("\n你要删除的元素 %d 不在表中\n",x);
return ;
}
void delete_1(forward_list *head,int i) //删除第i个节点(单链表包含头节点)
{
int j=0;
forward_list *p,*q;
p=head;
j=0;
while((p->next!=NULL)&&(j<i-1))
{
p=p->next;
j++;
}
if(p->next!=NULL)
{
q=p->next;
p->next=p->next->next;
free(q);
}
else
printf("illegal delete position,delete failed!");
}
/*//不对
void list_delete(forward_list *s, int i)//删除单链表(不带头节点)的第i个结点
{
int count=1;
forward_list *p,*q;
p=s;
//将p移动到被删除结点的前一个结点
while((p!=NULL)&&(count<i-1))
{
p=p->next;
count++;
}
if(i == count)
{
q = p;
p = p->next;
free(q);
return ;
}
if(p->next!=NULL)
{
q=p->next;
p->next=p->next->next;
free(q);
}
else
printf("illegal delete position,delete failed!");
}
*/
void list_length_1(forward_list *s)
{
int count;
forward_list *p=s;
while(p)
{
count++;
p = p->next;
}
printf("\nlist length: %d\n",count);
}
void list_length_2(forward_list *s)
{
int count;
forward_list *p=s->next;
while(p)
{
count++;
p = p->next;
}
printf("\nlist length: %d\n",count);
}
void print_forward_list_1(forward_list *s)//打印单链表
{
forward_list *p;
p = s;
while(p != NULL)
{
printf("%4d",p->data);
p = p->next;
}
return ;
}
void print_forward_list_2(forward_list *s)//打印含头节点的单链表
{
forward_list *p;
p = s->next;//因为含有头节点，head->data的数据域的数据未知
while(p != NULL)
{
printf("%-3d",p->data);
p = p->next;
}
return ;
}
int main()
{
/*不带头结点的单链表*/
printf("使用不带头结点的单链表:\n");
forward_list *p;
printf("尾插法建表:\n");
p = creat_1();//尾插法建表
print_forward_list_1(p);
list_length_1(p);
//查找是否存在值为6的结点
search_1(p,6);
printf("\n删了个5后，表变为\n");
forward_list_delete_1(p,5);
print_forward_list_1(p);
//头插法建表
forward_list *s;
printf("\n头插法建表:\n");
s = creat_3();
print_forward_list_1(s);
list_length_1(s);
/*带头结点的单链表*/
printf("\n\n使用带头结点的单链表:\n");
forward_list *t;
t = creat_2();
print_forward_list_2(t);
search_2(t,6);
list_length_2(t);
printf("\n逆置:\n");
reverse_2(t);
print_forward_list_2(t);
list_length_2(t);
return 0;
}
运行结果
