zabbix监控keepalived脑裂
脑裂
在高可用(HA)系统中,当联系2个节点的“心跳线”断开时,本来为一整体、动作协调的HA系统,就分裂成为2个独立的个体。由于相互失去了联系,都以为是对方出了故障。两个节点上的HA软件像“裂脑人”一样,争抢“共享资源”、争起“应用服务”,就会发生严重后果——或者共享资源被瓜分、两边“服务”都起不来了;或者两边“服务”都起来了,但同时读写“共享存储”,导致数据损坏(常见如数据库轮询着的联机日志出错)。
1、对付HA系统“裂脑”的对策,目前达成共识的的大概有以下几条:
(1)添加冗余的心跳线,例如:双心跳线(心跳线也HA),尽量减少“裂脑”发生几率;
(2)启用磁盘锁。正在服务一方锁住共享磁盘,“裂脑”发生时,让对方完全“抢不走”共享磁盘资源。但使用锁磁盘也会有一个不小的问题,如果占用共享盘的一方不主动“解锁”,另一方就永远得不到共享磁盘。现实中假如服务节点突然死机或崩溃,就不可能执行解锁命令。后备节点也就接管不了共享资源和应用服务。于是有人在HA中设计了“智能”锁。即:正在服务的一方只在发现心跳线全部断开(察觉不到对端)时才启用磁盘锁。平时就不上锁了
(3)设置仲裁机制。例如设置参考IP(如网关IP),当心跳线完全断开时,2个节点都各自ping一下参考IP,不通则表明断点就出在本端。不仅“心跳”、还兼对外“服务”的本端网络链路断了,即使启动(或继续)应用服务也没有用了,那就主动放弃竞争,让能够ping通参考IP的一端去起服务。更保险一些,ping不通参考IP的一方干脆就自我重启,以彻底释放有可能还占用着的那些共享资源
2、脑裂产生的原因
一般来说,脑裂的发生,有以下几种原因:
(1)高可用服务器对之间心跳线链路发生故障,导致无法正常通信
(2)因心跳线坏了(包括断了,老化)
(3)因网卡及相关驱动坏了,ip配置及冲突问题(网卡直连)
(4)因心跳线间连接的设备故障(网卡及交换机)
(5)因仲裁的机器出问题(采用仲裁的方案)
(6)高可用服务器上开启了 iptables防火墙阻挡了心跳消息传输
(7)高可用服务器上心跳网卡地址等信息配置不正确,导致发送心跳失败
(8)其他服务配置不当等原因,如心跳方式不同,心跳广插冲突、软件Bug等
对脑裂的监控应在备用服务器上进行,通过添加zabbix自定义监控进行。
监控什么信息呢?监控备上有无VIP地址
备机上出现VIP有两种情况:
(1)发生了脑裂
(2)正常的主备切换
监控只是监控发生脑裂的可能性,不能保证一定是发生了脑裂,因为正常的主备切换VIP也会到备份节点上。
使用zabbix监控脑裂
Zabbix: 192.168.78.130 lamp架构、zabbixserver、zabbixagentd、keepalived、nginx
Agent1:192.168.78.137 zabbixagentd keepalived、nginx
VIP:192.168.78.150
zabbix已提前部署完成 防火墙已关闭
安装一下常用命令
[root@server ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
[root@agent ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
server、agent安装nginx 添加测试网页 修改端口
为8080
[root@server ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@server ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@server html]# echo "master node" > index.html
[root@server html]# cat index.html
master node
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
---------------------------------
server {
listen 8080 default_server;
listen [::]:8080 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
---------------------------------
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
[root@agent ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@agent ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@agent html]# echo "slave node" > index.html
[root@agent html]# cat index.html
slave node
[root@agent ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
---------------------------------
server {
listen 8080 default_server;
listen [::]:8080 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
---------------------------------
[root@agent ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
测试验证


在server中配置VIP
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
IPADDR1=192.168.78.150
PREFIX1=32
[root@server ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager
[root@server ~]# nmcli connection up eth0
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/Ne
tworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
[root@server ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group
default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state
UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:14:aa:8b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.78.130/24 brd 192.168.78.255 scope global noprefixroute
eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.78.150/32 brd 192.168.78.255 scope global secondary nopr
efixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::ebd8:b172:6df7:d8ce/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
修改内核参数,开启侦听VIP功能
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
[root@server ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
[root@agent ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
[root@agent ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
在server上编写脚本
[root@server ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@server ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@server scripts]# vim check.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=`ps -ef | grep -v "grep" | grep "nginx" | wc -l`
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@server scripts]# chmod +x check.sh
[root@server scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail () {
subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
echo $content | mail -s "$subject" cy18271663615@163.com
}
case "$1" in
master)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start nginx
fi
sendmail
;;
backup)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop nginx
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
[root@server scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@server scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 144 Oct 9 11:21 check.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 595 Oct 9 11:24 notify.sh
[root@agent ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@agent ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@agent scripts]# scp root@192.168.78.130:/scripts/check.sh .
root@192.168.78.130's password:
check.sh 100% 144 107.6
KB/s 00:00
[root@agent scripts]# scp root@192.168.78.130:/scripts/notify.sh .
root@192.168.78.130's password:
notify.sh 100% 595 527.4
KB/s 00:00
[root@agent scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 144 Oct 9 11:26 check.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 595 Oct 9 11:26 notify.sh
安装keepalived
[root@server ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@agent ~]# yum -y install keepalived
配置server的keepalived
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id yjq01
}
vrrp_script nginx_check {
script "/scripts/check.sh"
interval 10
weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.78.150
}
track_script {
nginx_check
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.78.150"
notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.78.150"
}
virtual_server 192.168.78.150 8080 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.78.130 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.78.137 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@server ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service
配置agent的keepalived
[root@agent ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id yjq02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.78.150
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.78.150"
notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.78.150"
}
virtual_server 192.168.78.150 8080 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.78.130 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.78.137 8080 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 8080
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@agent ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
[root@agent ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service
在agent中,新建脚本,检查VIP
[root@agent ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@agent scripts]# vim check_backupip.sh
#!/bin/bash
a=`ip a show eth0 | grep 192.168.78.150 | wc -l`
if [ $a -eq 0 ];then
echo "0"
else
echo "1"
fi
[root@agent scripts]# chmod +x check_backupip.sh
在agent添加自定义监控项
[root@agent scripts]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
在最末尾加入以下两行,自定义监控项
UnsafeUserParameters=1
UserParameter=check.backup,/scripts/check_backupip.sh
[root@agent scripts]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent.service
在server中测试该监控项
[root@server ~]# yum -y install zabbix-get
[root@server ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.78.137 -k "check.backup"
配置监控项

配置触发器

添加媒介 测试
[root@server ~]# find / -name mail-send.sh
/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/mail-send.sh
[root@server ~]# cat /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/mail-send.sh
#!/bin/bash
messages=`echo $3 | tr '\r\n' '\n'`
subject=`echo $2 | tr '\r\n' '\n'`
echo "${messages}" | mailx -s "${subject}" $1
[root@server ~]# cat /etc/mail.rc
添加到末尾内容
set bsdcompat
set from=yjq1315965830@163.com
set smtp=smtp.163.com
set smtp-auth-user=yjq1315965830@163.com
set smtp-auth-password=CCTDNGKZPFRRYWKZ
set smtp-auth=login
set ssl-verify=ignore

配置动作




模拟脑裂,关闭主节点的nginx服务
[root@server ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@server ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service


恢复



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