验证码获取与生成

一、验证码获取

import requests

def downloads_pic(pic_name):
    url = 'https://user.guancha.cn/main/captcha?'
    r = requests.get(url,stream=True)
    with open(r'E:\User\xuDir\codes\%s.jpg' % (pic_name), 'wb') as f:       
        for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=1024):
            print(chunk)
            if chunk:  # 过滤下保持活跃的新块
                f.write(chunk)
                f.flush() 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(300):
        pic_name = 'photho'+str(i)     # int(time.time() * 1000000)  返回当前时间的时间戳（1970纪元后经过的浮点秒数）
        downloads_pic(pic_name) 

打开方式request.get()、post()、put()、delete()、head()、options()

head={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36'}

request.get(url="https://www.baidu.com/s"，params={'wd':'python教程'，'ie':'utf-8'，headers=head}　　headers查看F12->Network->docs->headers

1. r.status_code　 　响应状态码404

2. r.cookies　　　　<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>

3.r.content　　　　显示二进制和中文，二进制bytes转str  r.content.decode('utf-8')

4.r.text　　　　　  Unicode文本格式，通常需要转换为utf-8格式，否则就是乱码。转码用r.encoding='utf-8' 

二、验证码绘制  

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw,ImageFont,ImageFilter
import random
_letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy"    # 小写字母，去除可能干扰的i，l，o，z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper()        # 大写字母
_numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(3, 10)))  # 数字,去除可能干扰的0,1,2
init_chars = ''.join((_upper_cases,   _numbers))

    # 生成随机字母
def rndChar():
    return random.sample(init_chars, 1)[0] # chr(random.randint(65, 90))
    # 生成随机颜色
def rndColor():
    return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))

def check_code(width=150, height=40, char_length=5, font_file='C:\WINDOWS\Fonts\ARLRDBD.TTF', font_size=28): #SIMYOU.TTF
    code = []
    img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')

    # 写文字
    Font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
    for i in range(char_length):
        char = rndChar()
        code.append(char)
        h = random.randint(0, 4)
        draw.text([7+i * width / (char_length+0.7), h], char, font=Font, fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰点
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰圆圈
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
        x = random.randint(0, width)
        y = random.randint(0, height)
        draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())

    # 画干扰线
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, width)
        y1 = random.randint(0, height)
        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
        y2 = random.randint(0, height)
        draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())

    # 图形扭曲参数
    params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
               0,
               0,
               0,
               1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 500,
               float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
               0.001,
               float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
               ]
    # 扭曲图片
    img = img.transform((width+20, height+5), Image.PERSPECTIVE, params)

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) #
    return img, ''.join(code)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(5):  # 生成5张验证码
        img,code = check_code()
        img.save(r'E:\User\xuDir\codes\photo%s.jpg' %(str(i)),'JPEG')
        print(code)

　photo0.jpg   photh1.jpg

参考：

爬虫验证码https://www.cnblogs.com/dudumiaomiao/p/6601345.html

https://blog.csdn.net/Day_upon/article/details/84189824

验证码绘制https://www.cnblogs.com/nick477931661/p/8810400.html

图片扭曲https://www.cnblogs.com/hello-/articles/9929217.html

　2020-03-08　16:53:48