【c++】基于apache的cgi搭建http服务器 并支持 python和c++语言
一、下载apache cgi的安装包(mac电脑)
官网地址：https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
二、基于源码进行安装
2.1、macos电脑
①源码文件进行解压后，然后进入到目录中，执行配置命令
shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 apachecgi % ls httpd-2.4.62 httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz temp.py shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 apachecgi % shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 apachecgi % shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 apachecgi % cd httpd-2.4.62 shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % ls ABOUT_APACHE README.CHANGES httpd.dep Apache-apr2.dsw README.cmake httpd.dsp Apache.dsw README.platforms httpd.mak BuildAll.dsp ROADMAP httpd.spec BuildBin.dsp VERSIONING include CHANGES acinclude.m4 libhttpd.dep CMakeLists.txt ap.d libhttpd.dsp INSTALL apache_probes.d libhttpd.mak InstallBin.dsp build modules LAYOUT buildconf os LICENSE changes-entries server Makefile.in config.layout srclib Makefile.win configure support NOTICE configure.in test NWGNUmakefile docs README emacs-style shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % ./configure checking for chosen layout... Apache checking for working mkdir -p... yes checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E checking build system type... aarch64-apple-darwin23.5.0 checking host system type... aarch64-apple-darwin23.5.0 checking target system type... aarch64-apple-darwin23.5.0 configure: configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library... configure: checking for APR... no #没有发现apr的工具，需要先安装这个工具 configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
②安装APR工具，并配置环境路径
shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % brew install apr apr-util ==> Auto-updating Homebrew... Adjust how often this is run with HOMEBREW_AUTO_UPDATE_SECS or disable with HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE. Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`). ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/portable-ruby/portable-ruby/blobs/sha256:ce5c135bf98da783bf5964e89aab587e3341c8adc379f36ace17ae7881f53e8c ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Pouring portable-ruby-3.3.4_1.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz ==> Auto-updated Homebrew! Updated 3 taps (homebrew/services, homebrew/core and homebrew/cask). ==> New Formulae aider gfxutil libgedit-gfls safety asm6809 ghc@9.8 libmps serpl basedpyright go@1.22 libxpresent slackdump boost@1.85 golangci-lint-langserver mariadb@11.4 spidermonkey@115 clangql gql mysql-client@8.4 spoofdpi cmrc graphviz2drawio mysql@8.4 sq crow grizzly nuspell stellar-cli dependabot http-server-rs onion-location tabiew dra js-beautify oxker tevent dwarfs jsbeautifier packcc tmpmail fast_float kea passt ufbt fierce kubehound pcaudiolib usage firefly kubernetes-cli@1.30 pgcopydb wush flexiblas libassuan@2 progressline xroar gabo libblastrampoline pyupgrade ==> New Casks approf font-ibm-plex-sans-tc labplot retcon bbackupp font-lxgw-simxihei localcan rize cables font-lxgw-simzhisong meta-quest-developer-hub truetree choice-financial-terminal font-satoshi microsoft-openjdk@21 winbox cork font-scientifica neo-network-utility xmenu crosspaste font-server-mono nrf-connect zipic find-my-ports gauntlet oxygen-xml-developer flutterflow istat-menus@6 pearcleaner font-ibm-plex-math kindle-create photostickies You have 1 outdated formula installed. ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/apr/manifests/1.7.5 ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Fetching apr ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/apr/blobs/sha256:d4ddf068fd1c071ac911af823e5b7b6de2a4506a1812e9 ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/apr-util/manifests/1.6.3_1 ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Fetching apr-util ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/apr-util/blobs/sha256:e21a775a4cd6e721ad4f09cd7ed0355b5a1181ca8 ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Pouring apr--1.7.5.arm64_sonoma.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats apr is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew, because Apple's CLT provides apr. If you need to have apr first in your PATH, run: echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find apr you may need to set: export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/include" ==> Summary 🍺 /opt/homebrew/Cellar/apr/1.7.5: 60 files, 1.4MB ==> Running `brew cleanup apr`... Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP. Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`). ==> Pouring apr-util--1.6.3_1.arm64_sonoma.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats apr-util is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew, because Apple's CLT provides apr (but not apr-util). If you need to have apr-util first in your PATH, run: echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find apr-util you may need to set: export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/include" ==> Summary 🍺 /opt/homebrew/Cellar/apr-util/1.6.3_1: 55 files, 915.5KB ==> Running `brew cleanup apr-util`... ==> `brew cleanup` has not been run in the last 30 days, running now... Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP. Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`). Removing: /Users/shangxiaofei/Library/Caches/Homebrew/openssl@3--3.3.1... (9.5MB) Removing: /Users/shangxiaofei/Library/Logs/Homebrew/openssl@3... (64B) Removing: /Users/shangxiaofei/Library/Logs/Homebrew/ca-certificates... (64B) Pruned 0 symbolic links and 2 directories from /opt/homebrew ==> Caveats ==> apr apr is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew, because Apple's CLT provides apr. If you need to have apr first in your PATH, run: echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find apr you may need to set: export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/include" ==> apr-util apr-util is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew, because Apple's CLT provides apr (but not apr-util). If you need to have apr-util first in your PATH, run: echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc For compilers to find apr-util you may need to set: export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/include" shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % brew --prefix apr /opt/homebrew/opt/apr shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % brew --prefix apr-util /opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util
③根据安装的apr工具中的提示，将上边蓝色标注的信息，添加到当前电脑用户目录下的.zshrc文件中。 文件内容如下的蓝色部分
source ~/.bash_profile export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.ft" export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm" [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm [ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/bin:$PATH" export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/bin:$PATH" export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/apr/include" export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/include" ~
④安装pcre类库
shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % brew install pcre ==> Downloading https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula.jws.json ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Downloading https://formulae.brew.sh/api/cask.jws.json ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/pcre/manifests/8.45 ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Fetching pcre ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/pcre/blobs/sha256:fbc1ec29701c2c3f0eb750a0aecf03b90acb6d47f1bbf ######################################################################################################### 100.0% ==> Pouring pcre--8.45.arm64_sonoma.bottle.tar.gz 🍺 /opt/homebrew/Cellar/pcre/8.45: 205 files, 4.7MB ==> Running `brew cleanup pcre`...
⑤配置好apr 和 pcre 的类库信息后，重新执行配置命令
shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % ./configure
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
---中间省略xx行
config.status: creating build/rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.62
Install prefix: /usr/local/apache2
C compiler: clang
CFLAGS: -g -O2 -Wall
CPPFLAGS: -I/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/include -DDARWIN -DSIGPROCMASK_SETS_THREAD_MASK
LDFLAGS: -L/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib
LIBS:
C preprocessor: clang -E
⑤最后执行make 和 make install的命令
shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % make Making all in srclib Making all in os Making all in unix --中间省略xx行 /opt/homebrew/opt/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link clang -g -O2 -Wall -L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/apr-util/lib -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/apache2/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo shangxiaofei@XXSHANG-MC0 httpd-2.4.62 % sudo make install Password: Making install in srclib Making install in os Making install in unix Making install in server Making install in mpm Making install in event mkdir /usr/local/apache2 mkdir /usr/local/apache2/modules Making install in modules Making install in aaa /opt/homebrew/opt/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=install install mod_authn_file.la /usr/local/apache2/modules/ /opt/homebrew/opt/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=install install mod_authn_dbm.la /usr/local/apache2/modules/ /opt/homebrew/opt/apr/build-1/libto --中间省略xx行------- Installing man pages and online manual mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man/man1 mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man/man8 mkdir /usr/local/apache2/manual
二、下载apache cgi的安装包(liunx电脑)
1、电脑下载源码安装包，并copy到目录下/httpd_source_tree_root
官网地址：https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
2、下载apr,apr-util源码包，并copy到目录下/httpd_source_tree_root/httpd-2.4.62/srclib目录下
apr工具依赖的下载网址：https://apr.apache.org/
apache cgi （https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html）的操作文档有如下的描述：
Make sure you have APR and APR-Util already installed on your system. If you don't, or prefer to not use the system-provided versions, download the latest versions of both APR and APR-Util from Apache APR, unpack them into /httpd_source_tree_root/srclib/apr and /httpd_source_tree_root/srclib/apr-util (be sure the directory names do not have version numbers; for example, the APR distribution must be under /httpd_source_tree_root/srclib/apr/) and use ./configure's --with-included-apr option. On some platforms, you may have to install the corresponding -dev packages to allow httpd to build against your installed copy of APR and APR-Util.
下载好依赖的源码包，并进行解压，重命名不能带版本号
3、在/httpd_source_tree_root/httpd-2.4.62目录下执行如下命令，进行配置
./configure --with-included-apr --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --sysconfdir=/usr/local/apache2/conf
4、在/httpd_source_tree_root/httpd-2.4.62目录下执行如下命令，进行编译
make
5、如果第4步出现错误，比如是 sudo yum install expat-devel，请重新执行如下命令
make clean ./configure --with-included-apr make
6、执行安装
make install
7、配置文件
[root@VM-212-227-tencentos conf]# pwd /usr/local/apache2/conf [root@VM-212-227-tencentos conf]# ls extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original [root@VM-212-227-tencentos conf]# vim httpd.conf =====修改配置文件内容的项如下====== Listen 8088 ServerName ip:8088
8、启动测试
不要这样启动测试
[root@VM-212-227-tencentos bin]# apachectl start bash: apachectl: command not found... Install package 'httpd' to provide command 'apachectl'? [N/y] y （这块其实可以不用选择，也可以直接选择N） * Waiting in queue... The following packages have to be installed: httpd-2.4.37-65.module+el8.10.0+673+2d55fd1f.2.x86_64 Apache HTTP Server mod_http2-1.15.7-10.module+el8.10.0+673+2d55fd1f.x86_64 module implementing HTTP/2 for Apache 2 Proceed with changes? [N/y] N （这块如果选择y，则使用了系统自带的apache httpd，所以选择N） The transaction did not proceed. Failed to install packages: user declined simulation
9、正确的启动测试方法
[root@VM-212-227-tencentos bin]# pwd /usr/local/apache2/bin [root@VM-212-227-tencentos bin]# ls ab apr-1-config apxs dbmmanage envvars-std htcacheclean htdigest httpd logresolve apachectl apu-1-config checkgid envvars fcgistarter htdbm htpasswd httxt2dbm rotatelogs [root@VM-212-227-tencentos bin]# ./apachectl start [root@VM-212-227-tencentos bin]#
11、检查项目是否有启动起来
[root@VM-212-227-tencentos bin]# ps aux | grep httpd root 3149295 0.0 0.0 66716 3880 ? Ss 15:41 0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start daemon 3149296 0.0 0.0 2059624 3864 ? Sl 15:41 0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start daemon 3149297 0.0 0.0 2059624 3864 ? Sl 15:41 0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start daemon 3149299 0.0 0.0 2059624 3864 ? Sl 15:41 0:00 /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -k start root 3150272 0.0 0.0 223008 1188 pts/0 S+ 15:42 0:00 grep --color=auto httpd
10、页面测试
三、卸载源码安装的
1、在CentOS/RHEL上：
sudo yum remove httpd
2、 清理指定目录的内容
rm -rf /usr/local/apache2
四、在cgi服务器下运行c++可执行文件
4.1、编写一个可执行文件 testc.cpp
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main (){ cout << "Content-type:text/html\r\n\r\n"; cout << "<html>\n"; cout << "<head>\n"; cout << "<title>Hello World - First CGI Program 尚晓飞</title>\n"; cout << "</head>\n"; cout << "<body>\n"; cout << "<h2>Hello World! This is my first CGI program</h2>\n"; cout << "</body>\n"; cout << "</html>\n"; return 0; }
4.2、对c++文件进行编译-生成可执行文件
g++ testc.cpp -o testc
4.3、对c++文件copy到cgi的目录下
cp testc /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/mypc/ # /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/ 这个是cgi的目录 # mypc 是个人自定义的目录
4.4、对cgi的配置文件进行修改/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
#放开如下行的注释 LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so #改变监听的端口号 Listen 8088 #修改服务器运行的用户和用户组 <IfModule unixd_module> # # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch. # # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services. # User apache Group apache </IfModule> #修改服务的地址信息 ServerName {自己所在机器的本地ip}:8088 #目录的访问权限 <Directory "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> #在最后一行添加默认编码方式，让浏览器按这个编码方式进行展示 AddDefaultCharset utf-8
4.5、重启服务/usr/local/apache2/bin
cd /usr/local/apache2/bin
./apachectl restart
4.6、浏览器访问
五、在cgi服务器下运行c++可执行文件获取http请求的参数信息
5.1、获取请求数据的源代码c++
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; int main (){ std::string sEntryString(""); //通过上下文环境变量获取get请求的数据 char *queryString = getenv("QUERY_STRING"); //通过上下文环境变量获取post请求body的长度 char *pContentLength = getenv("CONTENT_LENGTH"); int length; length = atoi(pContentLength); char *pTemp = new char[length+1]; pTemp[length] = 0; //读取body的内容 fread(pTemp,length,1,stdin); sEntryString = pTemp; delete[] pTemp; //将请求数据在通过输出流在页面上展示出来 std::cout << "Content-type:text/html\r\n\r\n"; std::cout << "<html>\n"; std::cout << "<head>\n"; std::cout << "<title>Hello World - First CGI Program</title>\n"; std::cout << "</head>\n"; std::cout << "<body>\n"; std::cout << "<h2>GET请求的参数信息=>"<< queryString <<"</h2>\n"; std::cout << "<h2>POST请求的参数信息=>"<< sEntryString <<"</h2>\n"; std::cout << "</body>\n"; std::cout << "</html>\n"; return 0; }
5.2、完成编译，并将代码copy到cgi-bin目录下
5.3、接触postMan进行验证
参考：
https://blog.51cto.com/u_16213675/8620627
https://www.jb51.net/server/3243012ss.htm
https://blog.51cto.com/u_12895411/8582959
https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ (文档)
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