c语言 结构体

 

c语言 结构体

在C语言中，结构体(struct)是一种复合数据类型，它可以存储不同类型的数据项。结构体中可以定义多个不同的成员(member)，每个成员可以是基本数据类型或其他复合类型。

以下是一些使用C语言结构体的常见方法：

1. 定义和使用结构体

 

 

struct Student {

char name[50];

int age;

float score;

};

 

int main() {

struct Student stu; // 声明结构体变量

strcpy(stu.name, "John");

stu.age = 20;

stu.score = 88.5;

 

printf("Name: %s\n", stu.name);

printf("Age: %d\n", stu.age);

printf("Score: %.1f\n", stu.score);

 

return 0;

}

2. 使用指针访问结构体成员

 

 

struct Student {

char name[50];

int age;

float score;

};

 

int main() {

struct Student stu;

struct Student *pStu = &stu;

 

strcpy(pStu->name, "John");

pStu->age = 20;

pStu->score = 88.5;

 

printf("Name: %s\n", pStu->name);

printf("Age: %d\n", pStu->age);

printf("Score: %.1f\n", pStu->score);

 

return 0;

}

3. 定义结构体数组

 

 

struct Student {

char name[50];

int age;

float score;

};

 

int main() {

struct Student students[5];

 

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

printf("Student %d: ", i + 1);

scanf("%s %d %f", students[i].name, &students[i].age, &students[i].score);

}

 

return 0;

}

4. 定义结构体指针数组

 

 

struct Student {

char name[50];

int age;

float score;

};

 

int main() {

struct Student *students[5];

 

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

students[i] = (struct Student *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));

printf("Student %d: ", i + 1);

scanf("%s %d %f", students[i]->name, &students[i]->age, &students[i]->score);

}

 

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

printf("Name: %s\n", students[i]->name);

printf("Age: %d\n", students[i]->age);

printf("Score: %.1f\n", students[i]->score);

free(students[i]);

}

 

return 0;

}

5. 定义结构体时声明位域

 

 

struct Student {

unsigned int score : 5;

unsigned int age : 3;

char name[4];

};

 

int main() {

struct Student stu;

stu.score = 88;

stu.age = 20;

strcpy(stu.name, "John");

 

printf("Name: %s\n", stu.name);

printf("Age: %d\n", stu.age);

printf("Score: %d\n", stu.score);

 

return 0;

}

6. 使用typedef定义结构体别名

 

 

typedef struct Student {

char name[50];

int age;

float score;

} Student;

 

int main() {

 

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