1. invoke :
vt 乞灵,祈求;提出或授引……以支持或证明;召鬼;借助
现在分词:invoking;过去式:invoked;第三人称单数:invokes;过去分词:invoked;
2. provisioned :
n.规定,条项,条款;预备,准备,设备;供应,(一批)供应品;生活物质,储备物资
vt.& vi.为……提供所需物品(尤指食物)
3. place a/the call: 打电话
4. query v.质疑,对…表示疑问( query的现在分词 );询问
5. specify
vt.指定;详述;提出…的条件;使具有特性
vi.明确提出,详细说明
6. denote
vt.表示,指示
7. Deflection
偏转
8.diversion
n.转移;分散注意力;消遣
9. make sense
n 有意义
10.exceed
vt.超过;超越;(在数量和质量等方面)胜过;越过……的界限
11.Distinctive
adj.有特色的,与众不同的;区别的,鉴别性的;独特;特异
12.Alerting
adj.警觉的,警惕的,注意的;思维敏捷的;活泼的
n.警报;警态
vt.向……报警
13. specify
vt.指定;详述;提出…的条件;使具有特性
vi.明确提出,详细说明
14. observe
vt.& vi.观察;研究
vt.遵守;观察;庆祝
vi.注意;说;评述;当观察员
15. as for
1)用以转换话题:在有前文的情况下as for总是出现在下文的句首,用来引出另外一方或者新的谈话内容,但与前文内容也有一定的联系,起到补充前文又突出后文的作用,使之 与前文形成对照,译作“至于”。例如:
①You van have a bed;as for him,he'll have to sleep on the floor.
②Much pasture land is underwater;and as for the grain, most of that has been ruined.
2)用以表现态度:as for还可以用来表示讲话人对某人或某物持有“轻蔑”或“冷淡”的态度,甚至有憎恶之感,讲话时要重读引出的词语并在其后稍作停顿,以示强调,口气上带有嘲 讽意味,译作汉语的“至于……嘛”。例如:
①As for you,I never want to see you here in my home again.
②As for his songs,I suppose you've read the sarcastic reviews !
16. as to
1)表示涉及某点:as to常放于句中,表示“关于……方面”、“有关……之事”,但为了突出要提及的人或事之时,也可将as to置于句首,以示强调。但只涉及内容,而不涉及讲话 人的态度。例如:
①His wife,an old teacher,has n0 complaint as to salary.
②As to your ability to overfulfil the target,I never had the slightest doubt.
2)用以重提旧事:as to引出的内容都是前文曾经提到过的或者谈话对方都有所了解的,表示“说到”之义。,例如:
①As to doing that,I haven't decided yet.
②As to the question you raised in your last letter,I think that it is
unanswerable.
3)用于提出问题:as to必须位于句中,前面出现的大都是表达某种心理活动的动词,形容词或名词,其后引接出wh-clause或who-to-v结构,表示“在……的问题上”、“就……问题 来讲”,所引出的问题都有很强的针对性。但有人认为这里的罄to显得多余,去之亦通。所以,有时也不必译出。例如:
①There is some doubt as to whether the proposal is practicable.
②I enquired of the clerk as to which documents were needed.
4).引出做事的依据:as to还有“按照”、“根据”的含义,而as for则无此义。例如:
①The shoes are correctly placed on the shelf as to size and colour.
②The items on the agenda are listed as to order of importance.
综上所述,as for 和 as to在确切含义的表达和具体用法上都是有很大差别的,不能将二者混为一谈。
precedence
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n.领先; 优先权; 地位先后,级别高低; 位次;