例题抄写作业
9.1
#include<stdio.h> int main() {struct Student //声明结构体类型struct Student { long int num; //以下4行为结构体的成员 char name[20]; char sex; char addr[20]; }a={10101,"Li Lin",'M',"123 Beijing Road"};//定义结构体变量a并初始化 printf("NO.:%d\nname:%s\nsex:%c\naddress:%s\n",a.num,a.name,a.sex,a.addr); return 0; }
NO.:10101 name:Li Lin sex:M address:123 Beijing Road -------------------------------- Process exited after 0.2488 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
9.2
#include<stdio.h> int main() {struct Student //声明结构体类型struct Student { int num; char name[20]; float score; }student1,student2; //定义两个结构体变量 student1,student2 scanf("%d%s%f",&student1.num,student1.name,&student1.score); //输入学生1的数据 scanf("%d%s%f",&student2.num,student2.name,&student2.score); //输入学生2的数据 printf("The higher score is:\n"); if(student1.score>student2.score) printf("%d %s %6.2f\n",student1.num,student1.name,student1.score); else if(student1.score<student2.score) printf("%d %s %6.2f\n",student2.num,student2.name,student2.score); else { printf("%d %s %6.2f\n",student1.num,student1.name,student1.score); printf("%d %s %6.2f\n",student2.num,student2.name,student2.score); } return 0; }
10101 Wang 89 10103 Ling 90 The higher score is: 10103 Ling 90.00 -------------------------------- Process exited after 36.9 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
9.3
#include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> struct Person //声明结构体类型struct Person { char name[20]; //候选人姓名 int count; //候选人得票数 }leader[3]={"Li",0,"Zhang",0,"Sun",0}; //定义结构体数组并初始化 int main() { int i,j; char leader_name[20]; //定义字符数组 for(i=1;i<=10;i++) { scanf("%s",leader_name); //输入所选的候选人姓名 for(j=0;j<3;j++) if(strcmp(leader_name,leader[j].name)==0)leader[j].count++; } printf("\nResult:\n"); for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf("%5s:%d\n",leader[i].name,leader[i].count); return 0; }
Li Li Sun Zhang Zhabg Sun Li Sun Zhang Li Result: Li:4 Zhang:2 Sun:3 -------------------------------- Process exited after 73.72 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
9.4
#include<stdio.h>
struct Student //声明结构体类型 struct Student
{
int num;
char name[20];
float score;
};
int main()
{
struct Student stu[5]={{10101,"Zhang",78},{10103,"Wang",98.5},{10106,"Li",86},{10108,"Ling",73.5},{10110,"Sun",100}};//定义结构体数组并初始化
struct Student temp; //定义结构体变量temp,用作交换时的临时变量
const int n=5; //定义常变量 n
int i,j,k;
printf("The order is:\n");
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{ k=i;
if(stu[j].score>stu[k].score)//进行成绩比较
k=j;
temp=stu[k];
stu[k]=stu[i];
stu[i]=temp;//stu[k]和stu[i]元素互换
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%6d %8s %6.2f\n",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].score);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
The order is: 10101 Zhang 78.00 10103 Wang 98.50 10106 Li 86.00 10108 Ling 73.50 10110 Sun 100.00 -------------------------------- Process exited after 0.3409 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
9.5
#include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> int main() { struct Student { long num; char name[20]; char sex; float score; }; struct Student stu_1; //定义struct Student类型的变量stu_1 struct Student *p; //定义指向struct Student类型数据的指针变量p p=&stu_1; //p指向stu_1 stu_1.num=10101;//对结构体变量的成员赋值 strcpy(stu_1.name,"Li Lin");//用字符串复制函数给stu_1.name赋值 stu_1.sex='M'; stu_1.score=89.5; printf("No.:%1d\nname:%s\nsex:%c\nscore:%5.1f\n",stu_1.num,stu_1.name,stu_1.sex,stu_1.score);//输出结果 printf("\nNo.:%1d\nname:%s\nsex:%c\nscore:%5.1f\n",(*p).num,(*p).name,stu_1.sex,(*p).score); return 0; }
No.:10101 name:Li Lin sex:M score: 89.5 No.:10101 name:Li Lin sex:M score: 89.5 -------------------------------- Process exited after 0.4633 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
9.6
#include<stdio.h> struct Student//声明结构体类型struct Student { int num; char name[20]; char sex; int age; }; struct Student stu[3]={{10101,"Li Lin",'M',18},{10102,"Zhang Fang",'M',19},{10104,"Wang Min",'F',20}};//定义结构体数组并初始化 int main() { struct Student *p;//定义指向struct Student结构体变量的指针变量 printf("No. name sex age\n"); for(p=stu;p<stu+3;p++) printf("%5d %-20s%2c %4d\n",p->num,p->name,p->sex,p->age);//输出结果 return 0; }
No. name sex age 10101 Li Lin M 18 10102 Zhang Fang M 19 10104 Wang Min F 20 -------------------------------- Process exited after 0.6678 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
9.7
#include <stdio.h> #define N 3 //学生数为3 struct Student //建立结构体类型struct Student { int num; //学号 char name[20]; //姓名 float score[3]; //3门课成绩 float aver; //平均成绩 }; int main() { void input(struct Student stu[]);//函数声明 struct Student max(struct Student stu[]);//函数声明 void print(struct Student stu);//函数声明 struct Student stu[N],*p=stu;//定义结构体数组和指针 input(p);//调用input 函数 print(max(p));//调用print函数，以max函数的返回值作为实参 return 0; } void input(struct Student stu[])//定义input函数 { int i; printf("请输入各学生的信息：学号、姓名、三门学科的成绩：\n"); for(i=0;i<N;i++) { scanf("%d %s %f %f %f",&stu[i].num,&stu[i].name,&stu[i].score[0],&stu[i].score[1],&stu[i].score[2]);//输入数据 stu[i].aver=(stu[i].score[0]+stu[i].score[1]+stu[i].score[2])/3.0;//求平均成绩 } } struct Student max(struct Student stu[])//定义max函数 { int i,m=0;//用m存放成绩最高的学生在数组中的序号 for(i=0;i<N;i++) if(stu[i].aver>stu[m].aver)m=i;//找出平均成绩最高的学生在数组中的序号 return stu[m];//返回包含该生信息的结构体元素 } void print(struct Student stud)//定义print函数 { printf("\n成绩最高的学生是：\n"); printf("学号：%d\n姓名：%s\n三门课成绩:%5.1f,%5.1f,%5.1f平均成绩:%6.2f\n",stud.num,stud.name,stud.score[0],stud.score[1],stud.score[2],stud.aver); }
请输入各学生的信息：学号、姓名、三门学科的成绩： 10101 Li 78 89 98 10103 Wang 98.5 87 69 10106 Sun 88 76.5 89 成绩最高的学生是： 学号：10101 姓名：Li 三门课成绩: 78.0, 89.0, 98.0平均成绩: 88.33 -------------------------------- Process exited after 60.78 seconds with return value 0 请按任意键继续. . .
总结：我全都是照书写的，但是意思都明白，结构体的格式也通过自己打得以记住，总之，通过看书写我学会了结构体的结构。
