LAMP——详解及分离部署
LAMP架构
LINUX
Linux是一套免费使用和自由传播的类Unix操作系统，是一个基于POSIX和UNIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。它能运行主要的UNIX工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。它支持32位和64位硬件。Linux继承了Unix以网络为核心的设计思想，是一个性能稳定的多用户网络操作系统
Apache
Apache HTTP Server（简称Apache）是Apache软件基金会的一个开放源码的网页服务器，可以在大多数计算机操作系统中运行，由于其多平台和安全性被广泛使用，是最流行的Web服务器端软件之一。它快速、可靠并且可通过简单的API扩展，将Perl/Python等解释器编译到服务器中。
Mysql
MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统.MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一，在 WEB 应用方面，MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System，关系数据库管理系统) 应用软件之一。
PHP
PHP是一种通用开源脚本语言。它可以比CGI或者Perl更快速地执行动态网页。用PHP做出的动态页面与其他的编程语言相比，PHP是将程序嵌入到HTML（标准通用标记语言下的一个应用）文档中去执行，执行效率比完全生成HTML标记的CGI要高许多；PHP还可以执行编译后代码，编译可以达到加密和优化代码运行，使代码运行更快。
Apache与PHP联动方式
- 第一种
把php编译时直接编译成apache的模块、module模块化的方式进行工作(apahce默认的这种方式)
- 第二种
CGI（通用网关接口）：CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程，apache基于CGI跟php通信
- 第三种
FastCGI：CGI的改良版，FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求。这样调度CPU会更加的迅速。
Apache与php通讯
- 客户端通过HTTP协议请求web服务器资源
- httpd服务器判断请求的资源为静态资源还是动态资源。
- 静态资源：web直接把资源返回至客户端
- 动态资源：通过指定的通讯方式与PHP服务器联系，交由php服务器来进行资源运算。从而将动态资源运算的结果交由httpd服务，最后返回给客户端。如果运算期间需要mysql数据库，则通过Php_mysql去连接mysql，从而进行运算。
lamp架构搭建
httpd服务配置
- httpd环境以及依赖包的安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'
......
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++
......
Complete!
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local/
- 编译apr,aprutil,httpd
[root@localhost local]# cd apr-1.7.0/
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
......
cfgfile=${ofile}T
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
#$RM "$cfgfile" # 此行注释掉
......
# 开始编译apr
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
......
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
......
# 开始编译apr-util
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# cd ../apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-arp=/usr/local/apr
......
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
......
# 编译httpd
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# cd ../httpd-2.4.46/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd \
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork
......
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# make && make install
......
3.安装后的配置
# 配置httpd服务环境变量
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/httpd/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
# 创建include文件软连接
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ll /usr/include/
......
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Oct 30 16:00 httpd -> /usr/local/httpd/include/
......
# 修改服务器主机名
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
......
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
ServerName localhost:80 # 修改服务名
......
# 开启服务
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# apachectl start
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
mysql服务配置
1.安装依赖包
[root@192 ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
.....
Complete!
2.创建mysql账号
useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@192 ~]# id mysql
uid=995(mysql) gid=992(mysql) groups=992(mysql)
3.解压mysql安装包创建软连接
tar -xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@192 local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql;chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@192 local]# ll
......
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 36 Oct 31 15:33 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x 9 mysql mysql 172 Oct 31 15:34 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
......
# 创建环境变量
[root@192 local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@192 local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@192 local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
4.创建数据库数据存放目录
[root@192 local]# mkdir /var/mysql_data;chown mysql.mysql /var/mysql_data
[root@192 local]# ll /var/mysql_data/ -d
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Oct 31 15:41 /var/mysql_data/
5.初始化数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/var/mysql_data/
[root@192 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/var/mysql_data/
......
2020-10-31T07:45:23.026677Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 1Wy_!7khx+aL
[root@192 local]# echo '1Wy_!7khx+aL' > ~/.password
[root@192 local]# cat ~/.password
1Wy_!7khx+aL
6.创建include软链接文件
[root@192 local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
[root@192 include]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Oct 31 15:48 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql/include/
[root@192 include]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@192 include]# ldconfig
7.配置mysql主配置文件
[root@192 include]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /var/mysql_data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /var/mysql_data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
8.配置服务启动脚本
[root@192 include]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 补全服务脚本中的路径
[root@192 include]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
......
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/var/mysql_data
9.启动服务
[root@192 include]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/mysql_data/192.168.197.139.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@192 include]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
10.设置数据库密码
[root@192 include]# mysql -uroot -p'1Wy_!7khx+aL'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
PHP服务配置
1.安装关联依赖包
root@192 ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd.x86_64
......
Complete!
2.编译安装Php
[root@192 src]# tar -xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
[root@192 src]# cd /usr/local
[root@192 local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec php-7.2.8 sbin share src
[root@192 local]# cd php-7.2.8/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fpm --enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-shared --enable-soap --with-openssl --enable-bcmath --with-iconv --with-bz2 --enable-calendar --with-curl --enable-exif --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-gettext --enable-json --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-readline --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --enable-sockets --enable-zip --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support --with-pear --enable-pcntl --enable-posix
......
[root@192 php-7.2.8]# make && make install
3.安装后的配置
[root@192 php-7.2.8]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh[root@192 php-7.2.8]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@192 php-7.2.8]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/php/bin
4.配置php-fpm
[root@192 php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? yes
[root@192 php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@192 php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@192 php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
......
pm.max_children = 50 # 最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5 # 启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 # 最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 # 最大空闲进程数
5.启动php
[root@192 php-fpm.d]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@192 php-fpm.d]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
6.配置apache
#将配置文件中的两行取消注释
[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
......
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
......
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
# php服务器上将欲执行的Php文件编辑好保存
[root@192 /]# mkdir -p /www/html/
[root@192 html]# touch index.php
[root@192 html]# vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@192 ~]# chown -R apache.apache /www/html/
# http服务器上编辑虚拟主机文件
[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs"
ServerName test.example.com
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://192.168.197.140:9000/www/html/$1 #ip设置为php服务器的IP
<Directory "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
#
[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
......
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
#
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps 搜索AddType，并增加最后两行
......
7.修改php服务的监听ip
[root@192 php-fpm.d]# vim www.conf
......
; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
listen = 0.0.0.0:9000 # 将默认的主机ip改成0.0.0.0
......
# 重启服务
[root@192 php-fpm.d]# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm done
[root@192 php-fpm.d]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
8.查看效果
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