HttpClient
HttpClient 简介
HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。
HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了，越来越多的 Java应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java net 包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能，但是对于大部分应用程序来说，JDK 库本身提供的功能 还不够丰富和灵活。
HttpClient 应用
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>comm.bjsxt</groupId>
<artifactId>httpClientDemo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.3.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
发送 GET 请求不带参数
doGetParam()
/**
* 不带参
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void doGet() throws IOException {
//创建一个httpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient client= HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建Get请求对象
HttpGet get=new HttpGet("http://www.jd.com");
//发送请求并返回响应
CloseableHttpResponse execute = client.execute(get);
//处理响应
//获取响应的状态码
int code = execute.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println(code);
//获取响应的内容
HttpEntity entity=execute.getEntity();
String content= EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
System.out.println(content);
//关闭连接
client.close();
}
发送 GET 请求带参数
doPost()
public static void doGetParam() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
//创建一个httpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient client= HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建Get请求对象
URIBuilder bui=new URIBuilder("https://search.bilibili.com/all");
bui.addParameter("keyword","Python");
//发送请求并返回响应
HttpGet get=new HttpGet(bui.build());
CloseableHttpResponse execute = client.execute(get);
//处理响应
//获取响应的状态码
int code = execute.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println(code);
//获取响应的内容
HttpEntity entity=execute.getEntity();
String content= EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
System.out.println(content);
//关闭连接
client.close();
}
发送 POST 请求不带参数
doPostParam()
public static void doPost() throws IOException {
//创建一个httpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient client= HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建Get请求对象
HttpPost post=new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/test/post");
//发送请求并返回响应
CloseableHttpResponse execute = client.execute(post);
//处理响应
//获取响应的状态码
int code = execute.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println(code);
//获取响应的内容
HttpEntity entity=execute.getEntity();
String content= EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
System.out.println(content);
//关闭连接
client.close();
}
发送 POST 请求带参数
doPostParam()
public static void doPostParam() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
//创建一个httpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient client= HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建Post请求对象
HttpPost post=new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/test/post/param");
//给定参数
List<BasicNameValuePair> list=new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name","张三丰"));
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pwd","zhangsanfeng"));
//将带参字符串转换
StringEntity en = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "utf-8");
post.setEntity(en);
//处理响应
CloseableHttpResponse execute = client.execute(post);
//获取响应的状态码
int code = execute.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println(code);
//获取响应的内容
HttpEntity entity=execute.getEntity();
String content= EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
System.out.println(content);
//关闭连接
client.close();
}
在 POST 请求的参数中传递 JSON 格式数据
doPosJson()
public static void doPosJson() throws Exception {
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/test/post/param/json");
String json ="{\"name\":\"张三丰\",\"pwd\":\"zhangsanfeng\"}";
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
//向请求中绑定参数
post.setEntity(entity);
//处理响应
CloseableHttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
//获取响应的状态码
int code = res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println(code);
//获取响应的内容
HttpEntity en = res.getEntity();
String content = EntityUtils.toString(en,"utf-8");
System.out.println(content);
//关闭连接
client.close();
}
HttpClient 自定义工具类的使用
package cn.ego.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientUtil {
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String resultString = "";
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 创建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (param != null) {
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
}
}
URI uri = builder.build();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
public static String doGet(String url) {
return doGet(url, null);
}
public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建参数列表
if (param != null) {
List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String key : param.keySet()) {
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
}
// 模拟表单
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList,"utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
public static String doPost(String url) {
return doPost(url, null);
}
public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String resultString = "";
try {
// 创建Http Post请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 创建请求内容
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 执行http请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return resultString;
}
}
测试工具类
public static void httpClientUtilTest(){
String url = "http://localhost:8080/test/post/param";
Map<String, String> param = new HashMap<>();
param.put("name", "李四");
param.put("pwd", "lisi");
String result = HttpClientUtil.doPost(url, param);
System.out.println(result);
}
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