27 视图集

视图集

"""
视图集
特点:
    1,可以将一组相关的操作, 放在一个类中进行完成
    2,不提供get,post方法, 使用retrieve, create方法来替代
    3,可以将标准的请求方式(get,post,put,delete), 和mixin中的方法做映射
    
常见的视图集:
类名称                 父类              作用
ViewSet               APIView          可以做路由映射
                      ViewSetMixin
                      
GenericViewSet        GenericAPIView   可以做路由映射,可以使用三个属性,三个方法
                      ViewSetMixin
                             
ModelViewSet          GenericAPIView   所有的增删改查功能,可以使用三个属性,三个方法
                      5个mixin类
​
ReadOnlyModelViewSet  GenericAPIView   获取单个,所有数据,可以使用三个属性,三个方法
                      RetrieveModelMixin
                      ListModelMixin
​
"""
路由映射 是由 ViewSetMixin

viewSet

view

from .models import BookInfo
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .serializers import BookInfoSerializer
from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework.response import Response
​
class BookViewSet(viewsets.ViewSet):
    """
    A simple ViewSet for listing or retrieving users.
    """
    def list(self, request):
        queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
        serializer = BookInfoSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)
​
    def retrieve(self, request, pk=None):
        queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
        # 从 数据库对象中获取 pk=pk 的 如果正确返回 不正确则404
        Book = get_object_or_404(queryset, pk=pk)
        serializer = BookInfoSerializer(Book)
        return Response(serializer.data)

urls

from django.urls import path,include
from . import views
​
urlpatterns=[
    ......
    # 视图集
    path('viewSet/',views.BookViewSet.as_view({'get':'list'})),
    path('viewSet/<int:pk>', views.BookViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'}))
]

ReadOnlyModelViewSet

view

from rest_framework import viewsets
class BookInfoReadOnlyViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
    queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer

urls

# readonlymodelViewSet
    path('ReadOnly_viewSet/',views.BookInfoReadOnlyViewSet.as_view({'get':'list'})),
    path('ReadOnly_viewSet/<int:pk>', views.BookInfoReadOnlyViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'})),

ModelViewSet

view

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class BookInfoModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer

urls

path('model_viewSet/',views.BookInfoModelViewSet.as_view({'get':'list',     'post':'create'})),
path('model_viewSet/<int:pk>', 
     views.BookInfoModelViewSet.as_view({'get': 
     'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'}))

视图集额外动作

获取阅读量大于20的

views

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from .serializers import BookInfoSerializers
from .models import BookInfo
from rest_framework.response import Response
​
class BookInfoViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = BookInfoSerializers
    queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
​
    def read_book(self,request):
        books = BookInfo.objects.filter(bread__gt=30)
​
        serializer = BookInfoSerializers(instance=books,many=True)
​
        return Response(serializer.data,status=201)

 

urls

from django.urls import path,include
from . import views
​
urlpatterns=[
    path('book/',
        views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
    path('book/<int:pk>', 
        views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put':            'update','delete':'destroy'})),
]

修改指定id的阅读量

views

......
​
class BookInfoViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    ......
    # 修改指定书籍
    def updata_book_read(self,request,pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        data = request.data
        serializer =         
            self.get_serializer(instance=book,data=data,partial=True)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        serializer.save()
        return Response(serializer.data,status=200)

url

.......
​
urlpatterns=[
    ......
    path('book/readbook/', 
        views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({'get': 'read_book'})),
    path('book/readbook/<int:pk>',
        views.BookInfoViewSet.as_view({'put': 'updata_book_read'})),
]