CentOS KVM虚拟机安装（Centos KVM Virtual Mechine Install）
kvm
1.KVM安装
qemu-kvm: 提供KVM虚拟化环境
qemu-img: 提供磁盘镜像管理功能
yum install qemu-kvm
验证：
lsmod | grep kvm
虚拟化有关的软件包组：
| 软件包组 | 说明 | 必须软件包 |
|---|---|---|
| Virtualization Client | 安装和管理虚拟机的客户端工具 | virt-install、virt-manager、virt-top、virt-viewer |
| Virtualization Platform | 提供访问和控制虚拟机的接口 | libvirt、virtwho |
| Virtualization Tools | 提供离线管理虚拟机镜像的工具 | libguestfs |
yum groupinstall "Virtualization Client" "Virtualization Tools" "Virtualization Platform"
.....
Installed:
gnome-boxes.x86_64 0:3.28.5-4.el7 libguestfs.x86_64 1:1.40.2-10.el7 libvirt.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-client.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 virt-install.noarch 0:1.5.0-7.el7
virt-manager.noarch 0:1.5.0-7.el7 virt-top.x86_64 0:1.0.8-24.el7 virt-viewer.x86_64 0:5.0-18.el7 virt-who.noarch 0:0.28.10-1.el7_9
Dependency Installed:
ModemManager-glib.x86_64 0:1.6.10-4.el7 NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7
adwaita-cursor-theme.noarch 0:3.28.0-1.el7 adwaita-icon-theme.noarch 0:3.28.0-1.el7 at-spi2-atk.x86_64 0:2.26.2-1.el7
at-spi2-core.x86_64 0:2.28.0-1.el7 atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-2.el7 attr.x86_64 0:2.4.46-13.el7
augeas-libs.x86_64 0:1.4.0-10.el7 autogen-libopts.x86_64 0:5.18-5.el7 avahi-glib.x86_64 0:0.6.31-20.el7
avahi-libs.x86_64 0:0.6.31-20.el7 bridge-utils.x86_64 0:1.5-9.el7 bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7
cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-4.el7 cairo-gobject.x86_64 0:1.15.12-4.el7 cdparanoia-libs.x86_64 0:10.2-17.el7
colord-libs.x86_64 0:1.3.4-2.el7 cryptsetup.x86_64 0:2.0.3-6.el7 cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-51.el7
cyrus-sasl.x86_64 0:2.1.26-23.el7 cyrus-sasl-gssapi.x86_64 0:2.1.26-23.el7 dbus-x11.x86_64 1:1.10.24-15.el7
dconf.x86_64 0:0.28.0-4.el7 dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7
desktop-file-utils.x86_64 0:0.23-2.el7 dnsmasq.x86_64 0:2.76-16.el7_9.1 dosfstools.x86_64 0:3.0.20-10.el7
emacs-filesystem.noarch 1:24.3-23.el7 enchant.x86_64 1:1.6.0-8.el7 exempi.x86_64 0:2.2.0-9.el7
fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7 fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7_7.1
fuse.x86_64 0:2.9.2-11.el7 fuse-libs.x86_64 0:2.9.2-11.el7 gdisk.x86_64 0:0.8.10-3.el7
gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7 genisoimage.x86_64 0:1.1.11-25.el7 geoclue2.x86_64 0:2.4.8-1.el7
giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-9.el7 glib-networking.x86_64 0:2.56.1-1.el7 glusterfs-cli.x86_64 0:6.0-37.el7
gnome-icon-theme.noarch 0:3.12.0-1.el7 gnutls-dane.x86_64 0:3.3.29-9.el7_6 gnutls-utils.x86_64 0:3.3.29-9.el7_6
graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3 gsettings-desktop-schemas.x86_64 0:3.28.0-3.el7 gssproxy.x86_64 0:0.7.0-29.el7
gstreamer1.x86_64 0:1.10.4-2.el7 gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free.x86_64 0:1.10.4-3.el7 gstreamer1-plugins-base.x86_64 0:1.10.4-2.el7
gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-6.el7 gtk-vnc2.x86_64 0:0.7.0-3.el7 gtk3.x86_64 0:3.22.30-6.el7
gvnc.x86_64 0:0.7.0-3.el7 harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7 harfbuzz-icu.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7
hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7 hivex.x86_64 0:1.3.10-6.10.el7 hunspell.x86_64 0:1.3.2-16.el7
hunspell-en-US.noarch 0:0.20121024-6.el7 hyphen.x86_64 0:2.8.6-5.el7 iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 0:6.2.0.874-20.el7_9
iscsi-initiator-utils-iscsiuio.x86_64 0:6.2.0.874-20.el7_9 iso-codes.noarch 0:3.46-2.el7 jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7
jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7 json-glib.x86_64 0:1.4.2-2.el7 keyutils.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7
lcms2.x86_64 0:2.6-3.el7 libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7 libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7
libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7 libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7 libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7
libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 libXmu.x86_64 0:1.1.2-2.el7 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7
libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7 libXt.x86_64 0:1.1.5-3.el7 libXv.x86_64 0:1.0.11-1.el7
libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7 libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7 libarchive.x86_64 0:3.1.2-14.el7_7
libbasicobjects.x86_64 0:0.1.1-32.el7 libcacard.x86_64 40:2.7.0-1.el7 libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-21.el7
libcollection.x86_64 0:0.7.0-32.el7 libdvdnav.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7 libdvdread.x86_64 0:5.0.3-3.el7
libepoxy.x86_64 0:1.5.2-1.el7 libevent.x86_64 0:2.0.21-4.el7 libexif.x86_64 0:0.6.22-1.el7
libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libglvnd-gles.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7
libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libgovirt.x86_64 0:0.3.4-5.el7 libgsf.x86_64 0:1.14.26-7.el7
libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2 libgusb.x86_64 0:0.2.9-1.el7 libgxps.x86_64 0:0.3.0-4.el7
libicu.x86_64 0:50.2-4.el7_7 libimobiledevice.x86_64 0:1.2.0-1.el7 libini_config.x86_64 0:1.3.1-32.el7
libiptcdata.x86_64 0:1.0.4-11.el7 libmediaart.x86_64 0:1.9.4-1.el7 libmodman.x86_64 0:2.0.1-8.el7
libmpcdec.x86_64 0:1.2.6-12.el7 libnfsidmap.x86_64 0:0.25-19.el7 libnotify.x86_64 0:0.7.7-1.el7
libosinfo.x86_64 0:1.1.0-5.el7 libpath_utils.x86_64 0:0.2.1-32.el7 libpcap.x86_64 14:1.5.3-12.el7
libplist.x86_64 0:1.12-3.el7 libproxy.x86_64 0:0.4.11-11.el7 libref_array.x86_64 0:0.1.5-32.el7
libreport-filesystem.x86_64 0:2.1.11-53.el7.centos librsvg2.x86_64 0:2.40.20-1.el7 libsecret.x86_64 0:0.18.6-1.el7
libsoup.x86_64 0:2.62.2-2.el7 libsrtp.x86_64 0:1.4.4-11.20101004cvs.el7 libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7
libtheora.x86_64 1:1.1.1-8.el7 libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-35.el7 libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.4-0.16.el7
libusal.x86_64 0:1.1.11-25.el7 libusbmuxd.x86_64 0:1.0.10-5.el7 libverto-libevent.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7
libvirt-bash-completion.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-config-network.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3
libvirt-daemon-config-nwfilter.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-interface.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-lxc.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3
libvirt-daemon-driver-network.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-nodedev.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-nwfilter.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3
libvirt-daemon-driver-qemu.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-secret.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3
libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-core.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-disk.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-gluster.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3
libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-iscsi.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-logical.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-mpath.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3
libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-rbd.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-scsi.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-daemon-kvm.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3
libvirt-gconfig.x86_64 0:1.0.0-1.el7 libvirt-glib.x86_64 0:1.0.0-1.el7 libvirt-gobject.x86_64 0:1.0.0-1.el7
libvirt-libs.x86_64 0:4.5.0-36.el7_9.3 libvirt-python.x86_64 0:4.5.0-1.el7 libvisual.x86_64 0:0.4.0-16.el7
libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 libwayland-cursor.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 libwayland-egl.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7
libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 libwebp.x86_64 0:0.3.0-7.el7 libxkbcommon.x86_64 0:0.7.1-3.el7
libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7.5 libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7 libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-6.el7
libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0 lsof.x86_64 0:4.87-6.el7 lzop.x86_64 0:1.03-10.el7
m2crypto.x86_64 0:0.21.1-17.el7 mdadm.x86_64 0:4.1-6.el7 mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9
mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9
mtools.x86_64 0:4.0.18-5.el7 netcf-libs.x86_64 0:0.2.8-4.el7 nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7
nmap-ncat.x86_64 2:6.40-19.el7 numad.x86_64 0:0.5-18.20150602git.el7 openjpeg-libs.x86_64 0:1.5.1-18.el7
orc.x86_64 0:0.4.26-1.el7 osinfo-db.noarch 0:20200529-1.el7 osinfo-db-tools.x86_64 0:1.1.0-1.el7
pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-4.el7_7 pcre2.x86_64 0:10.23-2.el7 perl-hivex.x86_64 0:1.3.10-6.10.el7
poppler.x86_64 0:0.26.5-43.el7.1 poppler-data.noarch 0:0.4.6-3.el7 poppler-glib.x86_64 0:0.26.5-43.el7.1
psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-17.el7 pulseaudio-libs-glib2.x86_64 0:10.0-6.el7_9 pycairo.x86_64 0:1.8.10-8.el7
python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.5.0.1-1.el7 python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-3.el7
python-dateutil.noarch 0:1.5-7.el7 python-gobject.x86_64 0:3.22.0-1.el7_4.1 python-ipaddr.noarch 0:2.1.11-2.el7
python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7 python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 python-requests.noarch 0:2.6.0-10.el7
python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7 python-suds.noarch 0:0.4.1-5.el7
python-urllib3.noarch 0:1.10.2-7.el7 quota.x86_64 1:4.01-19.el7 quota-nls.noarch 1:4.01-19.el7
radvd.x86_64 0:2.17-3.el7 rest.x86_64 0:0.8.1-2.el7 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7
scrub.x86_64 0:2.5.2-7.el7 soundtouch.x86_64 0:1.4.0-9.el7 spice-glib.x86_64 0:0.35-5.el7_9.1
spice-gtk3.x86_64 0:0.35-5.el7_9.1 squashfs-tools.x86_64 0:4.3-0.21.gitaae0aff4.el7 subscription-manager-rhsm.x86_64 0:1.24.45-1.el7.centos
subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates.x86_64 0:1.24.45-1.el7.centos supermin5.x86_64 0:5.1.19-1.el7 syslinux.x86_64 0:4.05-15.el7
syslinux-extlinux.x86_64 0:4.05-15.el7 systemd-python.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2 taglib.x86_64 0:1.8-8.20130218git.el7
tcp_wrappers.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7 totem-pl-parser.x86_64 0:3.26.1-1.el7 tracker.x86_64 0:1.10.5-8.el7
unbound-libs.x86_64 0:1.6.6-5.el7_8 upower.x86_64 0:0.99.7-1.el7 virt-manager-common.noarch 0:1.5.0-7.el7
vte-profile.x86_64 0:0.52.4-1.el7 vte291.x86_64 0:0.52.4-1.el7 webkitgtk4.x86_64 0:2.28.2-2.el7
webkitgtk4-jsc.x86_64 0:2.28.2-2.el7 xkeyboard-config.noarch 0:2.24-1.el7 xml-common.noarch 0:0.6.3-39.el7
xorg-x11-server-utils.x86_64 0:7.7-20.el7 xorg-x11-xauth.x86_64 1:1.0.9-1.el7 xorg-x11-xinit.x86_64 0:1.3.4-2.el7
yajl.x86_64 0:2.0.4-4.el7 yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-54.el7_8
Updated:
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9
Dependency Updated:
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 NetworkManager-wifi.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 cryptsetup-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.3-6.el7
dbus.x86_64 1:1.10.24-15.el7 dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.10.24-15.el7 libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7.5 systemd.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2 systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2
systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-78.el7_9.2
Complete!
验证：
virsh -c qemu:///system list
报错：
[root@localhost ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
error: failed to connect to the hypervisor
error: Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': No such file or directory
原因：libvirtd服务未启动
解决：
systemctl start libvirtd
安装系统桌面：
yum -y groupinstall GNOME Desktop
启动虚拟机管理页面：
virt-manager
虚拟机快照：
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b /var/lib/libvirt/images/westos.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/node1.qcow2
利用“母镜像”创建虚拟机：
virt-install --ram 1024 --vcpus 1 --file-size 8 --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm2.qcow2,bus=virtio --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio --name vm2 --import
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm2.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm3.qcow2
virt-install --name vm3 --ram 1024 --disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm3.qcow2 --import
直接镜像创建虚拟机：
virt-install \
--name=kvm107 --ram 1024 --vcpus=1 \
--disk path=/home/vms/kvm107.qcow2,size=10,format=qcow2,bus=virtio \
--location=/mnt/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso --network bridge=br0,model=virtio \
--graphics=none --console=pty,target_type=serial \
--extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm2.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm3.qcow2
virt-install --namae vm3 --ram 1024 --disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm3.qcow2 --import
虛擬機創建脚本：
#!/bin/bash
##create snapshop disk##
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b \
/var/lib/libvirt/images/lee.qcow2 \
/var/lib/libvirt/images/$1.qcow2 &> /dev/null
echo creating snapshop disk!!
##create vm1 from snapshop disk##
virt-install \
--ram 1024 \
--vcpus 1 \
--file-size 8 \
--file /var/lib/libvirt/images/$1.qcow2,bus=virtio \
--network source=br0,model=virtio \
--name $1 \
--import &> /dev/null &
echo create snapshop successfully!!
虚拟机重置脚本
#!/bin/bash ##解释器说明
virsh destroy $1 ##强制关机$1
rm -fr /var/lib/libvirt/$1.qcow2 ##删除$1.qcow2硬盘文件
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b \ ##
/var/lib/libvirt/images/redhat-1.qcow2 \ ##创建快照源文件redhat-1
/var/lib/libvirt/images/$1.qcow2 &> /dev/null
virsh start $1
virt-viewer $1
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