Linux指令详解之：ctl相关命令大礼包
目录
6.4 服务管理命令（ctl大礼包）
CTL大礼包：
hostnamectl ：修改和查看主机名
systemctl ：服务管理
timedatectl ：查看和修改时间（时区）
localctl ：查看和修改语言，字符集
6.4.1 systemctl
- 一般来说rpm、deb、yum、apt安装的服务，这些服务默认通过systemctl管理
- 二进制安装，编译安装默认无法通过systemctl管理服务
- 服务关闭重启，查看状态
- 服务开机自启设置
案例258. 查看crond服务状态（是否运行，是否开机自启动）
[root@kylin-ren-class ren]# systemctl start crond
[root@kylin-ren-class ren]# systemctl status crond
● crond.service - Command Scheduler
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-01-14 21:30:32 CST; 3s ago
案例259. 查看是否开机自启动
[root@kylin-ren-class ren]# systemctl is-enabled sshd
enabled
案例260. 开启crond服务，设置crond服务开机自启动
[root@kylin-ren-class ren]# systemctl restart crond
[root@kylin-ren-class ren]# systemctl enable crond
案例261. 关闭防火墙firewalld（麒麟，Centos系统）
#麒麟系统
1. systemctl stop firewalld.service
2. systemctl disable firewalld.service
3. systemctl status firewalld.service
4. systemctl is-active firewalld.service
5. systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service
案例262. 关闭防火墙ufw（Ubuntu系统）
#ubuntu
1. systemctl stop ufw
2. systemctl disable ufw
6.5.2 systemctl小结
# 立即开启 systemctl enable --now xxx # 立即关闭 systemctl disable --now xxx # 普通开启 + 开机自启动 systemctl start xxx systemctl enable xxx # 普通关闭 + 关闭开机自启动 systemctl stop xxx systemctl disable xxx # 查看状态 systemctl status xxx # 重启服务 systemctl restart xxx # 精简查看是否开启 systemctl is-active xxx # 精简查看是否开机自启 systemctl is-enabled xxx # 查看系统所有服务 systemctl list-unit-files systemctl list-units
6.5.3 timedatectl
查看时间（时区），修改时间（时区）
案例263. 查看时间与时区
[root@kylin-ren-class service_scripts]# timedatectl
Local time: Wed 2025-01-15 16:16:52 CST #当地时间
Universal time: Wed 2025-01-15 08:16:52 UTC #世界时间
RTC time: Wed 2025-01-15 08:16:52 #硬件时间
Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800) #时区
System clock synchronized: yes #系统时钟同步
NTP service: active #NTP服务
RTC in local TZ: no #表示硬件时钟设置为协调世界时
案例264. 修改时区为上海
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
案例265. 系统时钟同步
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
# ntp2.aliyun.com、ntp3.aliyun.com、ntp4.aliyun.com、ntp5.aliyun.com
案例266. 查看当前时间
[root@kylin-ren-class service_scripts]# date
Wed Jan 15 16:27:54 CST 2025
6.5.4 localectl
查看系统的语言和字符集
案例267. 查看系统语言字符集
[root@kylin-ren-class service_scripts]# localectl
System Locale: LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
VC Keymap: cn # 键盘映射
X11 Layout: cn # X11布局
案例268. 修改字符集
localectl set-locale LANG-zh_CN.UTF-8
案例269. 脚本中临时修改语言为英文
# 书写脚本的时候，同意改为英文，方便进行过滤与操作
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
6.5.5 networkctl
Ubuntu修改网卡配置
案例270. 列出所有连接及其状态
ubuntu01-class@ubuntu-01:~$ networkctl
IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP
1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged
2 ens33 ether routable configured
3 ens37 ether routable configured
3 links listed.
案例271. 显示连接的状态信息
ubuntu01-class@ubuntu-01:~$ networkctl status
● State: routable
Online state: online
Address: 10.0.0.201 on ens33
10.0.0.220 on ens37
fe80::20c:29ff:febf:cd0 on ens33
fe80::20c:29ff:febf:cda on ens37
Gateway: 10.0.0.2 on ens33
DNS: 223.5.5.5
223.6.6.6
案例272. 显示网络接口 eth0 的各种信息
ubuntu01-class@ubuntu-01:~$ networkctl status ens33
● 2: ens33 > Link File: /usr/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
Network File: /run/systemd/network/10-netplan-ens33.network
Type: ether
State: routable (configured)
Online state: online > Alternative Names: enp2s1
Path: pci-0000:02:01.0
Driver: e1000
Vendor: Intel Corporation
Model: 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (PRO/1000 MT S> HW Address: 00:0c:29:bf:0c:d0 (VMware, Inc.)
MTU: 1500 (min: 46, max: 16110)
QDisc: fq_codel
IPv6 Address Generation Mode: eui64
Queue Length (Tx/Rx): 1/1
Auto negotiation: yes
Speed: 1Gbps
Duplex: full
Port: tp
Address: 10.0.0.201
fe80::20c:29ff:febf:cd0
Gateway: 10.0.0.2
DNS: 223.5.5.5
223.6.6.6
Activation Policy: up
Required For Online: yes
DHCP6 Client DUID: DUID-EN/Vendor:0000ab11b34b3e4488a01c6f0000
Connected To: n/a on port 00:50:56:c0:00:08
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