openEuler 部署Kubernetes（K8s）集群
前言
由于工作原因需要使用 openEuler，openEuler官方文档部署K8s集群比较复杂，并且网上相关资料较少，本文是通过实践与测试整理的 openEuler 22.03 部署 Kubernetes 1.20.2 集群操作方法。
这篇文章仅供学习参考，请勿直接用于生产环境。
1. 安装准备
在开始之前，部署 Kubernetes 集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：
- 操作系统：openEuler 22.03
- 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
- 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
- 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像
1.1 服务器规划
| 主机名称 | 角色 | IP地址 | 配置 |
|---|---|---|---|
| openEuler.master01 | Master节点 | 192.168.123.208 | CPU 2核，内存 4G，硬盘 40GB |
| openEuler.node01 | Node节点 | 192.168.123.167 | CPU 2核，内存 4G，硬盘 40GB |
| openEuler.node02 | Node节点 | 192.168.123.213 | CPU 2核，内存 4G，硬盘 40GB |
1.2 服务器环境配置
- 修改主机名称
# master01 执行
hostnamectl set-hostname openEuler.master01
# node01 执行
hostnamectl set-hostname openEuler.node01
# node02 执行
hostnamectl set-hostname openEuler.node02
- 配置host映射
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.123.208 openEuler.master01
192.168.123.167 openEuler.node01
192.168.123.213 openEuler.node02
- 关闭swap
# 临时关闭swap分区
swapoff -a
- 关闭防火墙
# 关闭并禁用防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
2. Kubernetes集群安装
2.1 Master节点安装
2.1.1 安装Docker
# 安装docker
dnf install -y docker
# 启用docker
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
# 查看docker版本
docker --version
2.1.2 安装配置Kubernetes组件
# 安装kubeadmin、kubelet、kubernetes-master
dnf install -y kubernetes-kubeadm kubernetes-kubelet kubernetes-master
# 安装conntrack组件（k8s依赖组件）
dnf install -y conntrack
# 配置kubelet开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet.service && systemctl start kubelet.service
# 安装Kubernetes，apiserver-advertise-address 请替换成实际环境中的master节点ip地址，本文环境使用192.168.123.208
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.123.208 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.20.2 --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
# 命令选项说明：
# --apiserver-advertise-address：apiserver通告给其他组件的IP地址，一般应该为Master节点的用于集群内部通信的IP地址，0.0.0.0表示节点上所有可用地址
# --image-repository：指定要使用的镜像仓库，指定为aliyun镜像加速下载
# --kubernetes-version：Kubernetes程序组件的版本号
# --pod-network-cidr：Pod网络的地址范围，其值为CIDR格式的网络地址
# --service-cidr：Service的网络地址范围，其值为CIDR格式的网络地址
看到如下提示安装成功
保存kubeadm join信息
kubeadm join 192.168.123.208:6443 --token 9b3zg3.w9428fz00d993pwo --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0287bffb9cc2c10f9ad53dcdc052462cae5ebef63cecb8d53ff689fb6e358b9e
2.1.3 配置Kubectl
# 配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile
# 在文件底部追加
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
# 应用改变
source /etc/profile
# 查看Master节点状态，此时节点会提示Not Ready，继续下一步 2.1.4 操作
kubectl get nodes
2.1.4 配置网络插件
# 安装cni插件
dnf install -y containernetworking-plugins
# containerd容器运行时 cni相关文件默认路径在/usr/libexec/cni
# flannel 默认读取/opt/cni/bin路径
# 拷贝相关文件
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
cp /usr/libexec/cni/* /opt/cni/bin/
# 以下两种方法根据实际情况任选一种安装
# 1. 服务器无法访问github资源-安装方法
# （科学）下载kube-flannel.yml文件放置到 /opt/yaml/kube-flannel.yml
# kube-flannel.yml文件链接：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f /opt/yaml/kube-flannel.yaml
# 查看Master节点状态，此时会提示Ready
kubectl get nodes
# 2. 服务器可以访问github资源-安装方法
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
# 查看Master节点状态，此时节点会提示Ready，Master节点安装完成
kubectl get nodes
附： 2022.12.29 下载的kube-flannel.yml文件，可以手动保存使用
---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel
labels:
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
- apiGroups:
- "networking.k8s.io"
resources:
- clustercidrs
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
#image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2 #for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.2 #for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.20.2 #for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- name: xtables-lock
mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
- name: xtables-lock
hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
2.2 Node节点（两台）安装
2.2.1 安装Docker
# 安装docker
dnf install -y docker
# 启用docker
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
# 查看docker版本
docker --version
2.2.2 安装配置Kubernetes组件
# 安装kubeadmin、kubelet、kubernetes-node
dnf install -y kubernetes-kubeadm kubernetes-kubelet kubernetes-node
# 配置kubelet开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet.service && systemctl start kubelet.service
# containerd 容器运行时cni相关文件默认路径在/usr/libexec/cni
# 拷贝相关文件到cni标准路径
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
cp /usr/libexec/cni/* /opt/cni/bin/
# 依据Master节点上创建的token开始join命令，此处可以从 2.1.2 kubeadm init的返回中复制。
kubeadm join 192.168.123.208:6443 --token 9b3zg3.w9428fz00d993pwo --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0287bffb9cc2c10f9ad53dcdc052462cae5ebef63cecb8d53ff689fb6e358b9e
见到如下提示安装成功：
回到Master节点查看状态，稍作等待三个节点都会变为Ready
# Master节点查看状态，稍作等待会提示三个节点Ready
kubectl get nodes
3. 测试Kubernetes集群
- 在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行
# Master节点操作
# 创建nginx容器
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
# 暴露对外端口
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
# 查看nginx是否运行成功
kubectl get pod,svc
# 所有节点都可以访问到Nginx
192.168.123.208:30116
192.168.123.167:30116
192.168.123.213:30116
- 扩容nginx副本测试
# 扩展副本数为3
kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
# 查看pod状态
kubectl get pods
如下图则扩展成功
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