c# https请求
遇到Https网站，c# http请求的时候，总是报SSL连接错误。后来经搜索，发现有解决方案：
.net 2.0 需要引入一个第三方组件：BouncyCastle.dll，这是我写的一个例子：
public static string RequestWebServerByTCP(Uri uri, string method, NameValueCollection parameter, string cookie, Encoding encoding)
{
try
{
StringBuilder RequestHeaders = new StringBuilder();
RequestHeaders.Append(method + " " + uri.PathAndQuery + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");
method = method.ToUpper();
if (method == POSTMETHOD)
RequestHeaders.Append("Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");
RequestHeaders.Append("User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11\r\n");
RequestHeaders.Append("Cookie:" + cookie + "\r\n");
RequestHeaders.Append("Accept:*/*\r\n");
RequestHeaders.Append("Host:" + uri.Host + "\r\n");
byte[] postdata = null;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (method == GETMETHOD)
{
uri = GetMethodQueryString(uri, parameter, encoding);
}
else if (method == POSTMETHOD)
{
if (parameter != null)
{
foreach (string key in parameter)
{
sb.Append(string.Format(FORMATSTR1, System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key, encoding), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(parameter[key], encoding)));
}
}
if (sb.Length != 0)
{
sb = sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1);
}
postdata = encoding.GetBytes(sb.ToString());
RequestHeaders.Append("Content-Length:" + postdata.Length + "\r\n");
}
RequestHeaders.Append("Connection:close\r\n\r\n");
byte[] req = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(RequestHeaders.ToString() + sb.ToString());
int port = 443;
MyTlsClient client = new MyTlsClient();
var protocol = OpenTlsConnection(uri.Host, port, client);
Stream tlsStream = protocol.Stream;
tlsStream.Write(req, 0, req.Length);
tlsStream.Flush();
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(tlsStream);
String line;
StringBuilder html = new StringBuilder();
string firstLine = "";
int i = 0;
while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
{
if (i == 0)
{
firstLine = line;
i++;
}
html.AppendLine(line);
if (line.Contains("</html>"))
{
break;
}
}
protocol.Close();
string httpstatusCode = "";
string[] httpstatus = firstLine.Split(new string[] { " " }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
if (httpstatus.Length > 2)
{
httpstatusCode = httpstatus[1];
}
else
{
//请求无效
httpstatusCode = "400";
}
return html.ToString();
}
catch
{
return "";
}
}
请求到的html，为什么需要一行一行读呢？我在调试的时候发现有个bug，如果一次性读取的时候，它停不下来，最终报错，所以我做了一个读到html末尾的判断。
继承了提供的默认类：
class MyTlsClient : DefaultTlsClient
{
public override TlsAuthentication GetAuthentication()
{
return new MyTlsAuthentication();
}
}
// Need class to handle certificate auth
class MyTlsAuthentication : TlsAuthentication
{
public TlsCredentials GetClientCredentials(CertificateRequest certificateRequest)
{
// return client certificate
return null;
}
public void NotifyServerCertificate(Certificate serverCertificate)
{
// validate server certificate
}
}
internal static TlsClientProtocol OpenTlsConnection(string hostname, int port, TlsClient client)
{
TcpClient tcp = new TcpClient(hostname, port);
TlsClientProtocol protocol = new TlsClientProtocol(tcp.GetStream(), secureRandom);
protocol.Connect(client);
return protocol;
}
拼接url参数的方法：
private static Uri GetMethodQueryString(Uri uri, NameValueCollection parameter, Encoding encoding)
{
List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> parameter1 = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();
foreach (string key in parameter)
{
parameter1.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>(key, parameter[key]));
}
return GetMethodQueryString(uri, parameter1, encoding);
}
private static Uri GetMethodQueryString(Uri uri, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> parameter, Encoding encoding)
{
string format = string.Empty;
UriBuilder uribuilfer = new UriBuilder(uri);
string QueryString = string.Empty;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(uribuilfer.Query))
{
format = FORMATSTR1;
}
else
{
format = FORMATSTR2;
}
QueryString = uribuilfer.Query;
if (parameter != null)
{
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> item in parameter)
{
QueryString += string.Format(format, System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(item.Key, encoding), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(item.Value, encoding));
}
}
QueryString = QueryString.TrimEnd(new char[] { '&' });
QueryString = QueryString.TrimStart(new char[] { '?' });
uribuilfer.Query = QueryString;
uri = uribuilfer.Uri;
return uri;
}
注意：List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>和NameValueCollection类型的参数有什么区别呢？它们都包含相同的key，只不过存储的时候，NameValueCollection会把含有相同Key的值用逗号隔开，存在一起。这样请求有可能会失败，拿不到数据。本人因此问题，折腾了很久，用python实现了请求，后来在.net core中实现了一遍，最后终于低下了高傲的头颅，才看到传参时候，有点问题。
.net 4.0中，只需要添加一句话：ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = (SecurityProtocolType)3072;
.net 4.5中，什么都不用管。
2.0中连TCP都用上了，不过我们看到了http请求的本质，把一段具有格式的请求头+请求数据转为二进制发送到主机的某个端口，返回流，通过读取流，就可以拿到结果。
说到这，我们来看看Request消息格式：
GET https://www.baidu.com/ HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */* Accept-Language: zh-CN User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: Keep-Alive Host: www.baidu.com Cookie: BAIDUID=C1EFC3A3466AAAEBE74C6F6E7F413FA8:FG=1; BIDUPSID=C1EFC3A3466AAAEBE74C6F6E7F413FA8; PSTM=1525339270; BD_LAST_QID=12260391193367555241
1、请求行，包含请求的方法，url，http协议版本
2、请求头，接收的格式，浏览器代理，cookie等等
3、空行
4、请求体，传递数据
Response格式：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Bdpagetype: 1 Bdqid: 0x9a1ff959000016d0 Cache-Control: private Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Encoding: gzip Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Cxy_all: baidu+77e5655ffd82ce31adf5edff251fc585 Date: Thu, 03 May 2018 09:21:10 GMT Expires: Thu, 03 May 2018 09:21:03 GMT Server: BWS/1.1 Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/ Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/ Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=1428_21080_20719; path=/; domain=.baidu.com Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=172800 Vary: Accept-Encoding X-Powered-By: HPHP X-Ua-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1 Transfer-Encoding: chunked
html
1、状态行
2、消息报头，content-type,Date,Set-Cookie
3、空行
4、正文
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