201871010116-祁英红《面向对象程序设计(java)》第七周学习总结

项目

内容

《面向对象程序设计(java)》

https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/

这个作业的要求在哪里

https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/p/11654436.html

作业学习目标

  1. 掌握四种访问权限修饰符的使用特点;
  2. 掌握Object类的用途及常用API;
  3. 掌握ArrayList类的定义方法及用途;
  4. 掌握枚举类定义方法及用途;
  5. 结合本章实验内容,理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征,并体会其优点。

 

实验内容和步骤

实验1:(20分)

程序代码如下:

class Parent {
	private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性";
	public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性";
	protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性";
	String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性";
	private void pMethod1() {
		System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	public void pMethod2() {
		System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	protected void pMethod3() {
		System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	void pMethod4() {
		System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
}
class Son extends Parent{
	private String s1 = "这是Son的私有属性";
	public String s2 = "这是Son的公有属性";
	protected String s3 = "这是Son受保护的属性";
	String s4 = "这是Son的默认属性";
	public void sMethod1() {
		System.out.println(  );//分别尝试显示Parent类的p1、p2、p3、p4值
		System.out.println("我是Son用public修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	private void sMethod2() {
		System.out.println("我是Son用private修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	protected void sMethod() {
		System.out.println("我是Son用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
	}
	void sMethod4() {
		System.out.println("我是Son无修饰符修饰的方法");
	}	
}
public class Demo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Parent parent=new Parent();
		Son son=new Son();
		System.out.println(  );	//分别尝试用parent调用Paren类的方法、用son调用Son类的方法	
	}
}  

因为private属性仅对本类可见,public属性对所有类可见,protected属性对本包和所有类可见,默认属性对本包可见。

而Parent类的p1是Parent的私有属性,在子类中不能被调用,所以程序出错,无法显示;p2是Parent的公有属性,p3是Parent受保护的属性,p4是Parent的默认属性,这些属性能在子类中被调用,所以可以显示p2、p3、p4的值.

运行过程如图:

同上。parent类和son类的私有属性也不能被调用,所以调用p1与s1程序运行错误。

用parent调用Paren类的方法运行结果如下:

 

 

 

用son调用Son类的方法运行结果如下:

 

 

 

实验2:测试程序1(15分)

 5-8程序代码如下:

package equals;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the equals method.
 * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EqualsTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      var alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var alice2 = alice1;
      var alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));

      System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);

      var carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      boss.setBonus(5000);
      System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
      System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
      System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
      System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
      System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
      System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
   }
}

5-9程序代码如下:

package equals;

import java.time.*;
import java.util.Objects;

public class Employee
{
   private String name;//private定义了一个只能在该类中访问的字符串变量
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;
//创建私有属性
   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {
      return hireDay;
   }//访问器

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
   {
      // a quick test to see if the objects are identical  快速测试这些对象是否相同
      if (this == otherObject) return true;

      // must return false if the explicit parameter is null   如果显示参数为空,必须返回false
      if (otherObject == null) return false;

      // if the classes don't match, they can't be equal   如果第几个类不匹配,则他们不相同
      if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;

      // now we know otherObject is a non-null Employee   //其他对象为非空Employee类
      var other = (Employee) otherObject;

      // test whether the fields have identical values   //测试是不是有相同值
      return Objects.equals(name, other.name) 
         && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
   }

   public int hashCode()
   {
      return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); 
   }

   public String toString() //把其他类型的数据转换为字符串类型的数据
   {
      return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" 
         + hireDay + "]";
   }
}

5-10程序代码如下:

package equals;

public class Manager extends Employee  //扩展了一个子类Manager
{
   private double bonus; //创建一个私有属性

   public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)//定义变量
   {
      super(name, salary, year, month, day);//调用了父类的构造器
      bonus = 0;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      double baseSalary = super.getSalary();//更改器
      return baseSalary + bonus;
   }

   public void setBonus(double bonus)
   {
      this.bonus = bonus;
   }

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
   {
      if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
      var other = (Manager) otherObject;
      // super.equals checked that this and other belong to the same class  用super.equals检查这个类和其他类是否属于同一个类
      return bonus == other.bonus;
   }

   public int hashCode()
   {
      return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
   }

   public String toString()//吧其他类型的数据转换为字符串类型的数据
   {
      return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
   }
}

5-8、5-9、5-10程序运行结果如下:

 删除程序中Employee类、Manager类中的equals()hasCode()toString()方法,背录删除方法,在代码录入中理解类中重写Object父类方法的技术要点。

equals方法:用于检测一个对象是否等于另外一个对象,在子类中调用equals方法时,首先调用超类的equals,如果检测失败,对象就不可能相等,如果超类中的域都相等,就需要比较子类中的实例域。

hashCode方法:散列码(hash code)是由对象导出的一个整型值,且没有规律,由于hashCode方法定义在object类中,因此每个对象都有一个默认的散列码,其值是对象的存储地址该方法返回一个整型数值。

toString方法:用于返回表示对象值的字符串,只要对象与一个字符串通过操作符“+”连接起来,Java编译就会自动地调用toString方法。

 

 Employee类重写后代码如下:

package equals;
 
import java.time.*;
import java.util.Objects;
 
public class Employee
{
   private String name;    //创建三个私有属性
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;
 
   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }
 
   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }
 
   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }
 
   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {
      return hireDay;
   }
 
   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;   //定义局部变量
      salary += raise;
   }
 
@Override
public int hashCode() {   //重写hashCode方法,使相等的两个对象获取的HashCode也相等
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay);
}
 
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    if (this == obj) return true;     //快速测试几个类的根是否相同,即是否是同一个超类。这个if语句判断两个引用是否是同一个,如果是同一个,那么这两个对象肯定相等。
    if (obj == null) return false;   //如果显示参数为空,则返回false
    if (getClass() !=obj.getClass()) return false;   //用getClass()方法得到对象的类。如果几个类不匹配,则它们不相等
 
    //其他对象是非空Employee类
    //在以上判断完成,再将得到的参数对象强制转换为该对象,考虑到父类引用子类的对象的出现,然后再判断对象的属性是否相同
    Employee other = (Employee) obj;
    //测试字段是否具有相同的值
    return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
 }
 
 
@Override
public String toString() {  //把其他类型的数据转为字符串类型的数据(toString方法可以自动生成)
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]";
}
 
}

Manager类重写之后代码如下:

package equals;
 
public class Manager extends Employee     //子类:Manager类继承Employee类
{
   private double bonus;     //创建私有属性bouns
 
   public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      super(name, salary, year, month, day);    //子类直接调用超类中已创建的属性
      bonus = 0;      //给bouns赋初值为空
   }
 
   public double getSalary()//访问器
   {
      double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
      return baseSalary + bonus;
   }
 
   public void setBonus(double bonus)   //更改器
   {
      this.bonus = bonus;
   }
 
   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)   //快速测试几个类的根是否相同,即是否是同一个超类
   {
      if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
      Manager other = (Manager) otherObject;
       //使用super.equals检查这个类和其他是否属于同一个类
      return bonus == other.bonus;
   }
 
   public int hashCode()    //重写hashCode方法,使相等的两个对象获取的HashCode也相等
   {
      return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
   }
 
   public String toString()    //把其他类型的数据转为字符串类型的数据(toString方法可以自动生成)
   {
      return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
   }
}

EmployeeTest类代码如下:

package equals;
 
/**
 * This program demonstrates the equals method.
 * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EqualsTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      Employee alice2 = alice1;
      Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
 
      System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
 
      System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
 
      System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
 
      System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
 
      System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
 
      Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      boss.setBonus(5000);
      System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
      System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
      System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
      System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
      System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
      System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
   }
}

  程序运行结果如下图:

  

实验2:测试程序2(15分)

 5-11程序代码如下:

package arrayList;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
 * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ArrayListTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // fill the staff array list with three Employee objects  用三个Employee类填充staff数组列表
      var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();   //动态数组,可以灵活设置数组的大小

      staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
      staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
      staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));

      // raise everyone's salary by 5%   将每个人的薪水提高5%
      for (Employee e : staff)
         e.raiseSalary(5);

      // print out information about all Employee objects   打印出所有Employee类的信息
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 
            + e.getHireDay());
   }
}

  

package arrayList;

import java.time.*;

public class Employee
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;
 //创建三个私有属性
   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)//构造器
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {
      return hireDay;
   }
//访问器
   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }//定义两个局部变量
}

  程序运行结果如下:

 设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()、get()、remove()、size()等方法的用法。

package arrayList;
 
import java.util.*;
 
/**
 * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
 * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ArrayListTest
{
   private static final Employee element = null;
   private static final int index = 0;
 
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // fill the staff array list with three Employee objects
      ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();   //用三个Employee对象填充数组
 
      staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
      staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
      staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));
      ArrayList<Employee> list = new ArrayList<Employee>();
       
    //size()的用法
      int size=staff.size();
      System.out.println("arrayList中的元素个数是:"+size);
      for(int i=0;i<staff.size();i++)
      {
          //get()的用法
          Employee e=staff.get(i);
          System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
                    + e.getHireDay());
      }
      //set()的用法
      staff.set(0, new Employee("llx", 20000, 1999, 11, 06));
      Employee e=staff.get(0);
      System.out.println("修改后的数据为:name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
                + e.getHireDay());
       
      //remove()的用法
      staff.remove(2);
      System.out.println("将第一个数据删除后:");
      int size1=staff.size();
      System.out.println("arrayList中的元素个数是:"+size1);
      for(int i=0;i<staff.size();i++)
      {
          Employee p=staff.get(i);
          System.out.println("name=" + p.getName() + ",salary=" + p.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
                    + p.getHireDay());
      }
      
      // raise everyone's salary by 5%
      for (Employee e1 : staff)    //把每个人的薪资提高%5
         e1.raiseSalary(5);
 
      // print out information about all Employee objects
      for (Employee e1 : staff)   //输出所有雇员对象的信息
         System.out.println("name=" + e1.getName() + ",salary=" + e1.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
            + e1.getHireDay());    //利用getName(),getSalary() 和getHireDay()方法输出所有雇员对象的信息
   }
}

  程序运行结果如图:

实验2:测试程序3(15分)

程序代码如下:

package enums;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
 * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EnumTest  
{  
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {  
      var in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
      String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
      Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);  //静态values方法返回枚举的所有值的数组
      System.out.println("size=" + size);
      System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
      if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
         System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
   }
}
//定义枚举类型
enum Size
{
   SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");

   private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
   public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }

   private String abbreviation;
}//调用构造函数

  程序运行结果如下:

删除程序中Size枚举类,背录删除代码,在代码录入中掌握枚举类的定义要求。

 所有的枚举类型都是Enum类地子类,他们继承了这个类的许多方法,其中最有用的是toString,这个方法能够返回枚举常量名。每个枚举类型都有一个静态的values方法,它将返回一个包含全部枚举值的数组。ordinal方法返回enum声明中枚举常量的位置,位置从0开始计数。 

删除Size枚举类程序代码如下:

package enums;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
 * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EnumTest  
{  
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {  
      var in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
      String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
      Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);  //静态values方法返回枚举的所有值的数组
      System.out.println("size=" + size);
      System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
      if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
         System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
   }
}

enum Size
{
   SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");

   private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
   public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }

   private String abbreviation;
}//调用构造函数

 程序运行结果如下:

实验2:测试程序4(5分)

程序代码如下:

public class TestVarArgus {  
    public static void dealArray(int... intArray){  
        for (int i : intArray)  
            System.out.print(i +" ");  
          
        System.out.println();  
    }        
    public static void main(String args[]){  
        dealArray();  
        dealArray(1);  
        dealArray(1, 2, 3);  
    }  
}

  程序运行结果如下:

实验3:编程练习(10分)

 程序代码如下:

public class Demo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Son son = new Son();
		son.method();
	}
}

class Parent {
	Parent() {
		System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter");
	}

	Parent(boolean b) {
		System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");
	}

	public void method() {
		System.out.println("Parent's method()");
	}
}

class Son extends Parent {
	//补全本类定义
	Son() {
	super(true);    //调用父类有参构造
	    System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter");
	}
	public void method() {
	    System.out.println("Son's method()");
	    super.method();
	}
}

  程序运行结果如下:

3. 实验总结:(15分)

 通过学习继承这一章的内容以及实验,掌握了继承建立类与类间的is-a关系,意味着父类对象变量可以引用子类对象,在Java中,一个父类可以有多个子类,但一个子类只能有一个父类,子类通过extends关键字来继承父类,父类和子类的三种继承方式:1.public继承,(public成员所有的类都可以访问);2.private继承,(private成员只有本类能访问);3.protect继承,(protect成员只有本类和子类能访问)。子类继承父类是对父类属性和方法的全面继承,同时子类在继承了父类的方法后可对父类的方法进行重写。父类用作对象的声明类型,构造器用子类的构造器。object类是Java中所有类的始祖,在Java中每个类都是由它扩展而来的,如果没有明确的指出超类,object就被认为是这个类的超类,

posted @ 2019-10-14 13:51  祁英红Q  阅读(181)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报