1 import requests
2
3 #实例引入
4 # response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
5 # print(type(response))
6 # print(response.status_code)
7 # print(type(response.text))
8 # print(response.text)
9 # print(response.cookies)
10 #
11 # #各种请求方式
12 # a = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')
13 # b = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')
14 # requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
15 # requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
16 # requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
17 # print(a.text)
18
19 #请求
20 #基本GET请求
21 #基本写法
22 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
23 # print(response.text)
24 # #带参数GET请求
25 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=gemmey&age=22')
26 # print(response.text)
27 #
28 # data = {
29 # 'name':'gemmey',
30 # 'age':22
31 # }
32 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',params=data)
33 # print(response.text)
34 #
35 # #解析Json
36 # import json
37 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
38 # print(type(response.text))
39 # print(response.json())#执行了json.loads()操作
40 # print(json.loads(response.text))
41 # print(type(response.json()))
42
43 #获取二进制数据（图片、视频等）
44 # response = requests.get('http://github.com/favicon.ico')
45 # print(type(response.text),type(response.content))
46 # print(response.text)
47 # print(response.content)
48 # with open('favicon.ico','wb') as f:
49 # f.write(response.content)
50
51 #添加Headers
52 #不加headers会被屏蔽
53 # headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'}
54 # response = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore',headers=headers)
55 # #response.encoding = 'utf-8'
56 # print(response.text)
57
58 #基本POST请求
59
60 #form表单提交
61 # data = {'name':'germey','age':22}
62 # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data)
63 # print(response.text)
64 # #加个headers
65 # data = {'name':'germey','age':22}
66 # headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'}
67 # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data,headers=headers)
68 # print(response.json())
69
70 #响应
71
72 #response的属性
73 headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36'}
74 # response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com',headers=headers)
75 # print(type(response.status_code),response.status_code)
76 # print(type(response.headers),response.headers)
77 # print(type(response.cookies),response.cookies)
78 # print(type(response.url),response.url)
79 # print(type(response.history),response.history)
80
81 #状态码判断
82 # response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com',headers = headers)
83 # exit() if not response.status_code==requests.codes.ok else print('Request Successfilly')
84 # response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com',headers = headers)
85 # exit() if not response.status_code==200 else print('Request Successfilly')
86 #
87 # #高级操作
88 # #文件上传
89 # files = {'file':open('favicon.ico','rb')}
90 # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',files=files)
91 # print(response.text)
92
93 #获取cookie
94 # response = requests.get('http://baidu.com')
95 # print(response.cookies)
96 # for key,value in response.cookies.items():
97 # print(key + '=' + value)
98
99 #会话维持
100 #模拟登录
101 # requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')
102 # response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
103 # print(response.text)
104 # '''
105 # {
106 # "cookies": {}
107 # }
108 # 相当于用两个浏览器分别访问
109 # '''
110 # #实例化Session对象，相当于一个浏览器访问
111 # s = requests.Session()
112 # s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')
113 # response = s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
114 # print(response.text)
115
116 #证书验证
117 #SSL提示的错误，访问HTTPS它首先验证证书，如果证书不合法会报错;是否进行证书验证verify
118 # from requests.packages import urllib3
119 # urllib3.disable_warnings()#消除警告信息
120 # response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)
121 # print(response.status_code)
122
123 #手动指定证书
124 #本地没有证书
125 # response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',cert=('/path/server.crt','/path/key'))
126 # print(response.status_code)
127
128 #代理设置
129 #我这两个代理失效了
130 # proxies = {
131 # 'http':'http://127.0.0.1:9743',
132 # 'https':'https://127.0.0.1:9743',
133 # }
134 # response = requests.get('https://www.taobao.com',proxies=proxies)
135 # print(response.status_code)
136 #代理有用户名和密码
137 # proxies = {
138 # 'http':'http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9743/',
139 # }
140 # response = requests.get('https://www.taobao.com',proxies=proxies)
141 # print(response.status_code)
142
143 #超时设置
144 # from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout
145 # try:
146 # response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get',timeout=0.5)
147 # print(response.status_code)
148 # except ReadTimeout:
149 # print('TimeOut')
150
151 #认证设置，需要用户名密码
152 # from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
153 #
154 # r = requests.get('http://120.27.34.24:9001',auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user','123'))
155 # print(r.status_code)
156
157 #异常处理
158 from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,HTTPError,RequestException,ConnectionError
159
160 try:
161 response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout=0.1)
162 print(response.status_code)
163 except ReadTimeout:
164 print('Timeout')
165 except ConnectionError:
166 print('Connect error')
167 except HTTPError:
168 print('Http error')
169 except RequestException:
170 print('Error')
