【自学嵌入式：stm32单片机】软件SPI读写W25Q64
软件SPI读写W25Q64
我用硬件I2C读取OLED屏幕，采用I2C2接口，对应的OLED屏幕的SCL SDA接入到PB10和PB11，和他的接线不同，要注意
W25Q64接线：CS片选接到PA4，DO从机输出，接到PA6，CLK时钟，接到PA5，DI从机输入，接到PA7，这个引脚实际上也是硬件SPI的引脚，这样软件SPI和硬件SPI都可以任意切换
这里面我把硬件I2C的速度调整到了100KHz，因为OLED屏幕读取有些不正常
代码实现
标准库实现
已开源到：https://gitee.com/qin-ruiqian/jiangkeda-stm32
MYSPI.h
#ifndef __MYSPI_H
#define __MYSPI_H
void MYSPI_Init(void);
void MYSPI_Start(void);
void MYSPI_Stop(void);
uint8_t MYSPI_SwapByte(uint8_t ByteSend);
#endif
MYSPI.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
//由于SPI速度非常快，操作完引脚后不需要加延时
#define MYSPI_W_SS(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_4, (BitAction)(x))
#define MYSPI_W_SCK(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_5, (BitAction)(x))
#define MYSPI_W_MOSI(x) GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_7, (BitAction)(x))
#define MYSPI_R_MISO() GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_6)
//初始化SPI通信
void MYSPI_Init(void)
{
//PA6 主机输入 上拉输入其他3个为推挽输出
//打开APB2总线的GPIOA外设并开启时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //推挽输出
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_4 | GPIO_Pin_5 | GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU; //上拉输入
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//初始化后引脚默认电平，SS应该为高电平，默认状态，不选中从机
//模式0，SCK默认低电平
MYSPI_W_SS(1);
MYSPI_W_SCK(0);
}
//起始信号
void MYSPI_Start(void)
{
//置SS低电平
MYSPI_W_SS(0);
}
//终止信号
void MYSPI_Stop(void)
{
//置SS高电平
MYSPI_W_SS(1);
}
//交换一个字节
//ByteSend是要交换的一个字节
//要通过交换一个字节的时序发送出去
uint8_t MYSPI_SwapByte(uint8_t ByteSend)
{
uint8_t i = 0;
// uint8_t ByteReceive = 0; //用于接收的字节
//一般来说，SS下降沿或SCK下降沿，再数据移除
//硬件SPI使用了移位寄存器电路，所以SCK下降沿然后MOSI翻转电平几乎是同时发生的，软件SPI，程序一条一条执行的，不可能同时完成两个动作，软件SPI需要看成先后执行的逻辑
//先SS下降沿，再移出数据（SS下降沿，Start起始信号已经做了）
//再SCK上升沿，再移入数据
//再SCK下降沿，再移除数据
for(i = 0; i < 8 ; i++)
{
// //0x80右移i位的作用就是
// //用来挑出数据的某一位或者某几位
// //或者描述方式就是用来屏蔽其他的无关位
// //把这种类型的数据叫做掩码
// MYSPI_W_MOSI(ByteSend & (0x80 >> i)); //依次取最高位
//也可以依次移位，没注释的地方就是依次移位的方法，符合之前文章的移位模型
MYSPI_W_MOSI(ByteSend & 0x80);
ByteSend <<= 1; //最低为自动补0，最低位空出来了，之后再接收的时候
//就不需要ByteReceive这个变量了
MYSPI_W_SCK(1);
if(MYSPI_R_MISO() == 1)
{
// ByteReceive |= (0x80 >> i); //把最高位移入ByteReceive，1的时候就或等于变成1，0的位不变还是0
ByteSend |= 0x01; //把收到的数据放在ByteSend的最低位
}
MYSPI_W_SCK(0);
}
return ByteSend;
}
W25Q64.h
#ifndef __W25Q64_H
#define __W25Q64_H
void W25Q64_Init(void);
void W25Q64_ReadID(uint8_t *MID, uint16_t *DID);
void W25Q64_WriteEnable(void);
void W25Q64_WaitBusy(void);
void W25Q64_PageProgram(uint32_t Address, uint8_t* DataArray, uint16_t DataCount);
void W25Q64_SectorErase(uint32_t Address);
void W25Q64_ReadData(uint32_t Address, uint8_t* DataArray, uint32_t DataCount);
#endif
W25Q64.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "MYSPI.h"
#include "W25Q64_Ins.h"
//初始化W25Q64
void W25Q64_Init(void)
{
MYSPI_Init();
}
//获取设备ID
//MID是厂商ID
//DID是16位设备ID
void W25Q64_ReadID(uint8_t *MID, uint16_t *DID)
{
MYSPI_Start();
MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_JEDEC_ID); //返回值不要了，没有意义，0x9F读ID号指令
//下一次交换就会返回ID号
//为了交换，发送0xFF
*MID = MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE);
//接下来两个字节分别是设备ID高8位和低8位
*DID = MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE);
*DID <<= 8;
*DID |= MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE);
MYSPI_Stop();
}
//写使能
void W25Q64_WriteEnable(void)
{
MYSPI_Start();
MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_WRITE_ENABLE);
MYSPI_Stop();
}
//等待W25Q64的忙状态
void W25Q64_WaitBusy(void)
{
uint32_t Timeout = 100000; //防止死循环卡死的超时处理
MYSPI_Start();
MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_READ_STATUS_REGISTER_1);
//用掩码取最低位读BUSY
while((MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE) & 0x01) == 0x01)
{
Timeout--;
if(Timeout == 0)
{
//可加错误处理函数
break;
}
}
MYSPI_Stop();
}
//页编程
//24位地址，没有24位的变量，就用32位的无符号整数
//Address写数据的地址
//待写入的数据数组DataArray
//要传输多少字节DataCount
//由于页编程最大一次性传256个字节
//DataCount指定义为8位的，只能存0-255
//这样写入256个数据时就会出问题
void W25Q64_PageProgram(uint32_t Address, uint8_t* DataArray, uint16_t DataCount)
{
uint16_t i = 0;
//写入操作前，必须先进行写使能
W25Q64_WriteEnable();
MYSPI_Start();
MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_PAGE_PROGRAM);
//接下来发送3个字节的地址
//依次从高位到低位，只能接收8位数据
//所以获取到对应的高8位，次高8位，低8位
//其余位置的二进制都舍弃了
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address >> 16);
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address >> 8);
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address);
//地址发完，开始写入数据
for(i = 0; i < DataCount; i++)
{
MYSPI_SwapByte(DataArray[i]);
}
MYSPI_Stop();
//写入后事后等待BUSY位
//也可以事前等待，写入之前等待BUSY位
//事后等待最保险，在函数之外的地方，芯片肯定是不忙的状态
//事后等待只需要在写入之后调用，而事前等待，在写入操作和读取操作之前，都得调用
W25Q64_WaitBusy();
}
//擦除指定地址的扇区
void W25Q64_SectorErase(uint32_t Address)
{
//写入操作前，必须先进行写使能
W25Q64_WriteEnable();
MYSPI_Start();
MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_SECTOR_ERASE_4KB);
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address >> 16);
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address >> 8);
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address);
MYSPI_Stop();
W25Q64_WaitBusy();
}
//读数据
//通过数组输出DataArray
//读取数据可以非常大，16位无符号整数不够用
//所以改成32位整数DataCount类型
void W25Q64_ReadData(uint32_t Address, uint8_t* DataArray, uint32_t DataCount)
{
uint32_t i = 0;
MYSPI_Start();
MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_READ_DATA);
//接下来发送3个字节的地址
//依次从高位到低位，只能接收8位数据
//所以获取到对应的高8位，次高8位，低8位
//其余位置的二进制都舍弃了
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address >> 16);
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address >> 8);
MYSPI_SwapByte(Address);
for(i = 0; i < DataCount; i++)
{
DataArray[i] = MYSPI_SwapByte(W25Q64_DUMMY_BYTE);
}
MYSPI_Stop();
}
main.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "MYOLED.h"
#include "W25Q64.h"
//#include "Serial.h"
uint8_t MID; //厂商ID
uint16_t DID; //设备ID
uint8_t ArrayWrite[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
uint8_t ArrayRead[4];
int main(void)
{
MYOLED_Init();
//Serial_Init();
W25Q64_Init();
//Serial_Printf("W25Q64初始化完成\r\n");
//Serial_Printf("MYOLED初始化完成\r\n");
MYOLED_ShowString(0,0,"MID: ;DID: ");
MYOLED_ShowString(0,1,"W:");
MYOLED_ShowString(0,2,"R:");
W25Q64_ReadID(&MID, &DID);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(4,0,MID,2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(11,0,DID,4);
//向0x00 00 00地址写数据，写之前擦扇区
//最好对齐扇区的起始地址，也就是末尾3位都是0
W25Q64_SectorErase(0X000000);
W25Q64_PageProgram(0x000000, ArrayWrite, 4);
W25Q64_ReadData(0x000000, ArrayRead, 4);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(2,1,ArrayWrite[0],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(5,1,ArrayWrite[1],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(8,1,ArrayWrite[2],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(11,1,ArrayWrite[3],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(2,2,ArrayRead[0],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(5,2,ArrayRead[1],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(8,2,ArrayRead[2],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(11,2,ArrayRead[3],2);
while (1)
{
}
}
HAL库实现
已开源到：https://gitee.com/qin-ruiqian/jiangkeda-stm32-hal
HAL库移植非常方便，仅修改MYSPI.c的包含的头文件以及如下代码即可，其余内容可见开源仓库：
//由于SPI速度非常快，操作完引脚后不需要加延时
#define MYSPI_W_SS(x) HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_4, x)
#define MYSPI_W_SCK(x) HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5, x)
#define MYSPI_W_MOSI(x) HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_7, x)
#define MYSPI_R_MISO() HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_6)
main.c
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "MYOLED.h"
#include "W25Q64.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint8_t MID; //厂商ID
uint16_t DID; //设备ID
uint8_t ArrayWrite[] = {0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D};
uint8_t ArrayRead[4];
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_I2C2_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
MYOLED_SetI2CHandleBeforeInit(&hi2c2);
MYOLED_Init();
W25Q64_Init();
MYOLED_ShowString(0,0,"MID: ;DID: ");
MYOLED_ShowString(0,1,"W:");
MYOLED_ShowString(0,2,"R:");
W25Q64_ReadID(&MID, &DID);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(4,0,MID,2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(11,0,DID,4);
//向0x00 00 00地址写数据，写之前擦扇区
//最好对齐扇区的起始地址，也就是末尾3位都是0
W25Q64_SectorErase(0X000000);
W25Q64_PageProgram(0x000000, ArrayWrite, 4);
W25Q64_ReadData(0x000000, ArrayRead, 4);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(2,1,ArrayWrite[0],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(5,1,ArrayWrite[1],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(8,1,ArrayWrite[2],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(11,1,ArrayWrite[3],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(2,2,ArrayRead[0],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(5,2,ArrayRead[1],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(8,2,ArrayRead[2],2);
MYOLED_ShowHexNum(11,2,ArrayRead[3],2);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
实现效果
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