【自学嵌入式：stm32单片机】对射式红外传感器记次
目录
对射式红外传感器记次
利用外部中断实现上述功能，外部中断适合突发的信号，用脉冲过来，stm32立即处理，没有脉冲的适合，stm32就专心做其他事情，红外接收器也用外部中断，但是按键不适合用外部中断，因为外部中断不好处理按键抖动和松手检测的问题
接线图
代码实现
打开中断，就是把这些电路打开
标准库实现
已开源到https://gitee.com/qin-ruiqian/jiangkeda-stm32
CountSensor.h
#ifndef __COUNTSENSOR_H__
#define __COUNTSENSOR_H__
void CountSensor_Init(void); //初始化对射式红外传感器记次
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void); //返回传感器次数
#endif
CountSensor.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
//记录传感器的遮挡次数
uint16_t CountSensor_Count;
//初始化对射式红外传感器记次
void CountSensor_Init(void)
{
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitSturcture;
GPIO_InitSturcture.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU; //上拉输入，EXTI要求浮空上拉或者下拉
GPIO_InitSturcture.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;
GPIO_InitSturcture.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitSturcture);
//配置AFIO，选择中断的外部寄存器和引脚
GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14);
//配置EXTI
EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14; //指定配置的中断线
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE; //开启中断
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt; //选择中断模式，而不是事件模式EXTI_Mode_Event
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling; //下降沿触发，移开挡光片的时候触发
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
//配置NVIC
//配置优先级分组，抢占优先级和响应优先级
//只有一个中断的话，分的比较平均一些
//2位抢占，2位响应
//要确保每个模块分组配置都是同一个，如果不放心可放在主函数中
//我就放在这里了
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI15_10_IRQn; //选择15-10的合并的通道
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //指定中断通道使能
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1; //分组2，2位抢占，0-3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1; //这里是响应优先级，都是2位二进制，都设置为1
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}
//返回传感器次数
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void)
{
return CountSensor_Count;
}
//处理15-10中断线的中断，中断函数不需要在头文件声明
//中断函数自动执行
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{
//15-10集成到一根线
//所以要判断一下EXTI14的标志位是不是为1
//如果是，执行第14个线的中断程序
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line14) == SET)
{
CountSensor_Count++; //传感器次数自增
//每次中断程序结束后，都应该清除一下中断标志位
//否则程序就一直卡在这里
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line14);
}
}
main.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "MYOLED.h"
#include "CountSensor.h"
int main(void)
{
MYOLED_Init();
CountSensor_Init();
MYOLED_ShowString(0,0, "Count:");
while(1)
{
MYOLED_ShowNum(6, 0, CountSensor_Get(), 5);
}
}
HAL库实现
IDE配置
先设置14引脚是外部中断14
选择14号引脚下降沿触发（和标准库那个实现保持一致）
下面设置浮空还是上拉下拉的选项不用选，默认浮空输出
然后设置NVIC，2分组，10-15允许中断，如果出现2分组报错，可能是某个中断抢占式优先级或者响应优先级没有按照2分组分配好（0-3范围），其余和标准库版本配置一致：
中断的内容在自动生成的项目初始代码的这个源文件中：
然后找到这里添加中断的逻辑
这里添加一个判断，判断14号引脚是否发生中断
以后中断的逻辑都写在这个源文件中，然后把计数器逻辑单独写一份放到hardware目录里，然后再设置一下编译器读取头文件路径和编译器生成16进制文件等，不再赘述，可参考我这系列之前的文章
最重要的是别忘了给PB8 PB9端口设置开漏输出默认高电平，要不然OLED屏幕没有反应（可参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/qinruiqian/p/19029931）
代码实现
已开源到：https://gitee.com/qin-ruiqian/jiangkeda-stm32-hal
CountSensor.h
/*
* CountSensor.h
*
* Created on: Aug 11, 2025
* Author: Administrator
*/
#ifndef HARDWARE_COUNTSENSOR_H_
#define HARDWARE_COUNTSENSOR_H_
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void); //返回传感器次数
void CountSensor_Add(void); //传感器计数器加1
#endif /* HARDWARE_COUNTSENSOR_H_ */
CountSensor.c
/*
* CountSensor.c
*
* Created on: Aug 11, 2025
* Author: Administrator
*/
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
//记录传感器的遮挡次数
uint16_t CountSensor_Count;
//返回传感器次数
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void)
{
return CountSensor_Count;
}
//传感器计数器加1
void CountSensor_Add(void)
{
CountSensor_Count++;
}
stm32f1xx_it.c
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file stm32f1xx_it.c
* @brief Interrupt Service Routines.
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_it.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "CountSensor.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN TD */
/* USER CODE END TD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/* External variables --------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EV */
/* USER CODE END EV */
/******************************************************************************/
/* Cortex-M3 Processor Interruption and Exception Handlers */
/******************************************************************************/
/**
* @brief This function handles Non maskable interrupt.
*/
void NMI_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */
}
/**
* @brief This function handles Hard fault interrupt.
*/
void HardFault_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN HardFault_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END HardFault_IRQn 0 */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */
}
}
/**
* @brief This function handles Memory management fault.
*/
void MemManage_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */
}
}
/**
* @brief This function handles Prefetch fault, memory access fault.
*/
void BusFault_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN BusFault_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END BusFault_IRQn 0 */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */
}
}
/**
* @brief This function handles Undefined instruction or illegal state.
*/
void UsageFault_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN UsageFault_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END UsageFault_IRQn 0 */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */
}
}
/**
* @brief This function handles System service call via SWI instruction.
*/
void SVC_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 1 */
/* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 1 */
}
/**
* @brief This function handles Debug monitor.
*/
void DebugMon_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */
/* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */
}
/**
* @brief This function handles Pendable request for system service.
*/
void PendSV_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 1 */
/* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 1 */
}
/**
* @brief This function handles System tick timer.
*/
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 */
/* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 */
HAL_IncTick();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 */
/* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */
}
/******************************************************************************/
/* STM32F1xx Peripheral Interrupt Handlers */
/* Add here the Interrupt Handlers for the used peripherals. */
/* For the available peripheral interrupt handler names, */
/* please refer to the startup file (startup_stm32f1xx.s). */
/******************************************************************************/
/**
* @brief This function handles EXTI line[15:10] interrupts.
*/
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI15_10_IRQn 0 */
if(__HAL_GPIO_EXTI_GET_FLAG(GPIO_PIN_14))
{
CountSensor_Add(); //计数器自增1
/* USER CODE END EXTI15_10_IRQn 0 */
HAL_GPIO_EXTI_IRQHandler(GPIO_PIN_14); //自动清除中断标志位
/* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI15_10_IRQn 1 */
}
/* USER CODE END EXTI15_10_IRQn 1 */
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
main.c
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "MYOLED.h"
#include "CountSensor.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
MYOLED_Init();
MYOLED_ShowString(0, 0, "Count:");
//MYOLED_ShowString(0, 0, "CountA:");
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
MYOLED_ShowNum(6, 0, CountSensor_Get(), 5);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9, GPIO_PIN_SET);
/*Configure GPIO pin : PB14 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_14;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_IT_FALLING;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PB8 PB9 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* EXTI interrupt init*/
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(EXTI15_10_IRQn, 1, 1);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI15_10_IRQn);
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
实现效果
由于设置按下降沿触发，所以移开挡光片的时候触发
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