【自学嵌入式：stm32单片机】按键控制LED
按键控制LED
接线图
按键连着吃力，可以考虑杜邦线连接（虽然看着不好看就是了）
面板正负极标志和视频里是反向的，要注意接线
使用标准库实现
已开源到仓库：https://gitee.com/qin-ruiqian/jiangkeda-stm32
Key.h
#ifndef __KEY_H
#define __KEY_H
void Key_Init(void); //初始化按键
uint8_t Key_GetNum(void); //读取按键值
#endif
Key.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
//初始化按键
void Key_Init(void)
{
//打开APB2总线GPIOB外设端口，并开启时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU; //读取按键，选择上拉输入
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_11; //选的是PB1和PB11
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
//读取按键值
uint8_t Key_GetNum(void)
{
uint8_t KeyNum = 0;
if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_1) == 0) //读取PB1口的电平
{
Delay_ms(20); //消抖
while(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_1) == 0); //直到按键松手
Delay_ms(20); //消抖
KeyNum = 1;
}
if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_11) == 0) //读取PB11口的电平
{
Delay_ms(20); //消抖
while(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_11) == 0); //直到按键松手
Delay_ms(20); //消抖
KeyNum = 2;
}
return KeyNum;
}
LED.h
#ifndef __LED_H
#define __LED_H
void LED_Init(void); //初始化LED灯的IO口
void LED1_ON(void); //打开LED1
void LED1_OFF(void); //关闭LED1
void LED2_ON(void); //打开LED2
void LED2_OFF(void); //关闭LED2
void LED1_Turn(void); //LED1电平翻转
void LED2_Turn(void); //LED2电平翻转
#endif
LED.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
//初始化LED
void LED_Init(void)
{
//打开APB2总线的GPIOA外设并开启时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //推挽输出
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_2; //A1口，A2口打开
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//让GPIO默认高电平，让LED一开始是熄灭状态
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_2);
}
//点亮LED1
void LED1_ON(void)
{
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_1); //PA1口设低电平，点亮LED
}
//熄灭LED1
void LED1_OFF(void)
{
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_1); //PA1口设置高电平，LED熄灭，其余同理
}
//取反LED1的状态，端口电平翻转
void LED1_Turn(void)
{
//PA1置1
if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_1) == 0)
{
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_1);
}
else //PA1置0
{
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_1);
}
}
//取反LED2的状态，端口电平翻转
void LED2_Turn(void)
{
//PA1置1
if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_2) == 0)
{
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_2);
}
else //PA1置0
{
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_2);
}
}
//点亮LED2
void LED2_ON(void)
{
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_2); //PA1口设低电平，点亮LED
}
//熄灭LED2
void LED2_OFF(void)
{
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_2); //PA1口设置高电平，LED熄灭，其余同理
}
main.c
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "LED.h"
#include "Key.h"
uint8_t KeyNum; //键码值
int main(void)
{
LED_Init(); //初始化LED的IO口
Key_Init(); //初始化按键
while(1)
{
KeyNum = Key_GetNum();
switch(KeyNum)
{
case 1:
LED1_Turn();
break;
case 2:
LED2_Turn();
break;
}
}
}
使用HAL库实现
代码太多了，HAL库实现代码存到了这个开源仓库中：https://gitee.com/qin-ruiqian/jiangkeda-stm32-hal
IDE设置
先把PB1和PB11设置为GPIO_INPUT，然后设置上拉模式
设置PA1和PA2为GPIO_OUTPUT，然后设置推挽输出
别忘了把调试接口写上去
建立Hardware文件夹，把要实现的LED和按键代码写在独立的头文件和源文件中，由于自动生成的代码已经初始化了GPIO，所以Hardware下的源文件直接实现相关逻辑就行
在项目属性里面把刚才添加的Hardware文件夹添加include路径中，让编译器明白我的LED和按键的头文件和源文件都在哪
然后建立相应的头文件和源文件
Key.h
/*
* Key.h
*
* Created on: Aug 9, 2025
* Author: Administrator
*/
#ifndef HARDWARE_KEY_H_
#define HARDWARE_KEY_H_
uint8_t Key_GetNum(void); //读按键值
#endif /* HARDWARE_KEY_H_ */
Key.c
/*
* Key.c
*
* Created on: Aug 9, 2025
* Author: Administrator
*/
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
//读取按键值
uint8_t Key_GetNum(void)
{
uint8_t KeyNum = 0;
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1) == 0)
{
HAL_Delay(20); //消抖
while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1) == 0); //直到按键松手
HAL_Delay(20); //消抖
KeyNum = 1;
}
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_11) == 0)
{
HAL_Delay(20); //消抖
while(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_11) == 0); //直到按键松手
HAL_Delay(20); //消抖
KeyNum = 2;
}
return KeyNum;
}
LED.h
/*
* LED.h
*
* Created on: Aug 9, 2025
* Author: Administrator
*/
#ifndef HARDWARE_LED_H_
#define HARDWARE_LED_H_
void LED1_Turn(void); //切换LED1状态
void LED2_Turn(void); //切换LED2状态
#endif /* HARDWARE_LED_H_ */
LED.c
/*
* LED.c
*
* Created on: Aug 9, 2025
* Author: Administrator
*/
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
//PA1口LED灯开关取反，低电平亮
void LED1_Turn(void)
{
//如果是低电平，就切换高电平
//如果是高电平，就切换低电平
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_1) == 0)
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_1, GPIO_PIN_SET);
}
else
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_1, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}
}
//LED2同理
void LED2_Turn(void)
{
//如果是低电平，就切换高电平
//如果是高电平，就切换低电平
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_2) == 0)
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
}
else
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}
}
main.c
根据自动生成的注释，将代码写在对应位置，要不然编译器不识别
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "Key.h"
#include "LED.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint8_t KeyNum; //键码值
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
KeyNum = Key_GetNum();
switch(KeyNum)
{
case 1:
LED1_Turn();
break;
case 2:
LED2_Turn();
break;
}
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PA1 PA2 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PB1 PB11 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_11;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
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