【自学嵌入式：STM32单片机】LED闪烁与LED流水灯
点亮LED
用标准库实现
接线如下
GPIO PA0口低电平点亮
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
int main(void)
{
//点亮PA0口的LED，需要RCC APB2外设 GIOPA
//打开了APB2总线时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE); //注意是RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd，而不是RCC_APB2PeriphResetCmd
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; //GPIO外设参数结构体
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //设置推挽输出
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0; //0号引脚
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //端口配置50Mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); //初始化GPIO_Init
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0); //给GPIOA的0号引脚设置为低电平
while(1)
{
}
}
此时LED灯亮，下面将GPIO口PA0口设置低电平，灯灭
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
int main(void)
{
//点亮PA0口的LED，需要RCC APB2外设 GIOPA
//打开了APB2总线时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; //GPIO外设参数结构体
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //设置推挽输出
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0; //0号引脚
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //端口配置50Mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); //初始化GPIO_Init
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0); //给GPIOA的0号引脚设置为高电平
while(1)
{
}
}
用GPIO_WriteBit来点灯
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
int main(void)
{
//点亮PA0口的LED，需要RCC APB2外设 GIOPA
//打开了APB2总线时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; //GPIO外设参数结构体
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //设置推挽输出
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0; //0号引脚
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //端口配置50Mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); //初始化GPIO_Init
//GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0); //给GPIOA的0号引脚设置为高电平
GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_RESET); //用WriteBit，最后一个参数Bit_SET置高电平，Bit_RESET置低电平
while(1)
{
}
}
LED闪烁
用标准库实现
用江科大给的延时函数（用SysTick定时器来实现的延时）
500ms闪烁一次
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
int main(void)
{
//点亮PA0口的LED，需要RCC APB2外设 GIOPA
//打开了APB2总线时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; //GPIO外设参数结构体
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //设置推挽输出
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0; //0号引脚
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //端口配置50Mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); //初始化GPIO_Init
while(1)
{
GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_RESET); //点亮LED
Delay_ms(500);
GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_SET); //熄灭LED
Delay_ms(500);
}
}
也可以用SetBits和ResetBits实现，如果想在WriteBit的第三个参数写1和0，需要强制类型转换为BitAction
此时是推挽输出，把LED短针接在负极，长针接在PA0，也能正常闪烁
现在把端口模式换成Out_OD开漏输出
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
int main(void)
{
//点亮PA0口的LED，需要RCC APB2外设 GIOPA
//打开了APB2总线时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; //GPIO外设参数结构体
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_OD; //设置开漏输出
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0; //0号引脚
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //端口配置50Mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); //初始化GPIO_Init
while(1)
{
GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_RESET); //点亮LED
Delay_ms(500);
GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_SET); //熄灭LED
Delay_ms(500);
}
}
此时LED就不亮了，LED不亮，说明开漏输出的模式高电平是没有驱动能力的，再把线改回低电平驱动（长针接正极，短针接P0），此时LED正常闪烁，说明开漏模式的低电平是有驱动能力的
开漏输出高电平相当于高阻态，没有驱动能力，低电平有驱动能力
所以还改回推挽输出，一般用推挽模式就行了
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
int main(void)
{
//点亮PA0口的LED，需要RCC APB2外设 GIOPA
//打开了APB2总线时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; //GPIO外设参数结构体
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //设置推挽输出
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0; //0号引脚
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //端口配置50Mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); //初始化GPIO_Init
while(1)
{
GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_RESET); //点亮LED
Delay_ms(500);
GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_0, Bit_SET); //熄灭LED
Delay_ms(500);
}
}
用HAL库实现
此处参考网上其他教程，江科大没讲HAL库，我自学
打开STM32CubeIDE，按下图设置PA0为推挽输出
此时按ctrl+s自动生成代码
结果没生成，然后我配置了好久的网络，TM D才正常生成，我要问候ST公司一下，我要超市里的🐎
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
//写在这儿，防止编译器不认
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(500);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_SET);
HAL_Delay(500);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
然后用下载个STM32 ST-LINK Utility
把刚才编译得到的hex文件烧录进STM32
这个软件的用法详见：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1LjojYxEm5
LED流水灯
接线图
用标准库实现
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
int main(void)
{
//点亮PA0口的LED，需要RCC APB2外设 GIOPA
//打开了APB2总线时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; //GPIO外设参数结构体
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //设置推挽输出
//用或的方式打开多个端口
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1 |
GPIO_Pin_2 | GPIO_Pin_3 | GPIO_Pin_4 | GPIO_Pin_5 |
GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //端口配置50Mhz
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); //初始化GPIO_Init
while(1)
{
GPIO_Write(GPIOA, ~0x0001); //0000 0000 0000 0001 设置的是PA0低电平（按位取反）
Delay_ms(100); //延迟50ms
GPIO_Write(GPIOA, ~0x0002); //0000 0000 0000 0010 设置的是PA1低电平（按位取反）
Delay_ms(100); //延迟50ms
GPIO_Write(GPIOA, ~0x0004); //0000 0000 0000 0100 设置的是PA2低电平（按位取反）
Delay_ms(100); //延迟50ms
GPIO_Write(GPIOA, ~0x0008); //0000 0000 0000 1000 设置的是PA3低电平（按位取反）
Delay_ms(100); //延迟50ms
GPIO_Write(GPIOA, ~0x0010); //0000 0000 0001 0000 设置的是PA4低电平（按位取反）
Delay_ms(100); //延迟50ms
GPIO_Write(GPIOA, ~0x0020); //0000 0000 0010 0000 设置的是PA5低电平（按位取反）
Delay_ms(100); //延迟50ms
GPIO_Write(GPIOA, ~0x0040); //0000 0000 0100 0000 设置的是PA6低电平（按位取反）
Delay_ms(100); //延迟50ms
GPIO_Write(GPIOA, ~0x0080); //0000 0000 1000 0000 设置的是PA7低电平（按位取反）
Delay_ms(100); //延迟50ms
//高8位暂时不用
}
}
此时LED流水灯依次亮起来
用HAL库实现
新建工程，把GPIO A0-A7口全都设置为输出模式，然后都是默认高电平，推挽输出（图形化界面设置）
main.c
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
// 依次点亮PA0~PA7（低电平有效，通过直接操作ODR寄存器实现）
GPIOA->ODR = ~0x0001; // PA0输出低电平，其他高电平
HAL_Delay(100); // 延迟100ms（HAL库自带延迟函数）
GPIOA->ODR = ~0x0002; // PA1输出低电平
HAL_Delay(100);
GPIOA->ODR = ~0x0004; // PA2输出低电平
HAL_Delay(100);
GPIOA->ODR = ~0x0008; // PA3输出低电平
HAL_Delay(100);
GPIOA->ODR = ~0x0010; // PA4输出低电平
HAL_Delay(100);
GPIOA->ODR = ~0x0020; // PA5输出低电平
HAL_Delay(100);
GPIOA->ODR = ~0x0040; // PA6输出低电平
HAL_Delay(100);
GPIOA->ODR = ~0x0080; // PA7输出低电平
HAL_Delay(100);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3
|GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7, GPIO_PIN_SET);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3
PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3
|GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
hal库没有GPIOWrite这样的寄存器，只能直接设置寄存器
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