Week9 作业 A - 目录管理器 Kattis - directorymanagement

题目描述：

传送门

 

思路：

真的是不知道该说什么，因为我一直WA，简直要Crazy了....自己造数据对拍了很长时间，也没找到问题所在，后来（被迫）借鉴了标准代码，如果能找到测试点，则我的程序还能有救

但是还是要说一下主要的点：

• 查多改少，可以使用懒更新，或者说记忆化，防止重复计算；查多改少可以根据仔细分析数据范围得出
• 输出树的前五个节点比较容易，但是输出树的后五个节点就不那么容易，仍然可以使用递归，递归时要记录现在还需要输出多少个节点，不要使用引用而是使用传值
• 但是我是真的不知道，下述代码为什么WA...，毕竟这是道模拟，没有那么重要，等有机会重写一下，再研究

代码：

WA代码：

//可能连续多次UNDO,所以所有的操作命令都要存储
//1s , 1e8 
//6s , 6e8
//很多次查询,要善于利用缓存的思想,因为计算已经知道的答案代价高
//特别是对于,查多改少(分析输入数据)的情况,记忆画能省很多时间
//考虑用这节课的动态分配内存去修改树和森林 
//记录size? 遍历需要O(n),向上层更新需要O(h),可以都试试? 
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>	 
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct subTree
{
	string name;
	map<string,subTree*> children;
	subTree *parent; 
	int treeSize;
	bool dirty; //脏位 
	vector<string> tenChildren;
	subTree(const string &ts,subTree *p) { dirty=1; treeSize=1; name=ts; parent=p; children.clear();tenChildren.clear();  }
};
class directory 	//目录是一层一层进入的,所以必须指明找到每个节点的路径,和DSA2略微不同? 
{
	protected:
		subTree *root,*now;
		stack< pair<int,string> > op;  //执行过的操作,如果是删除目录,很可能把子目录也删除了,这时候删除的目录,只删除关系,不删除内存
		stack<subTree*> trashBin; 
		void updateSize(int ); 	
		void preOutput(subTree *);
		void preOutFirst(int ,subTree *);
		void postOutLast(int ,subTree *); 	
	public:
		directory()
		{ 
			root=new subTree("root",nullptr);
			now=root;
		}
		void makeDir(string &);
		void removeDir(string &);
		void cd(const string &);
		int sizeOfNowDir() { return now->treeSize; }
		void listNowDir();
		void printNowDir();
		void undo();
};
void directory::updateSize(int delta)  //delta==Δ 没问题 
{
	now->treeSize+=delta;
	now->dirty=1; 
	auto p=now->parent;
	while(p!=nullptr)
	{
		p->dirty=1;
		p->treeSize+=delta;
		p=p->parent;
	}
}
void directory::preOutput(subTree *p)
{
	cout<<p->name<<endl;
	now->tenChildren.push_back(p->name);
	for(auto &child:p->children)
		preOutput(child.second);
}
void directory::preOutFirst(int num,subTree *p) 
{
	now->tenChildren.push_back(p->name);
	if(--num==0) return;
	
	int n=p->children.size();
	auto it=p->children.begin();
	while(n--)
	{
		int sts=it->second->treeSize;
		if(sts>=num)
		{
			preOutFirst(num,it->second);
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			preOutFirst(sts,it->second);
			num-=sts;
		}
		it++;
	}		
}
void directory::postOutLast(int num,subTree *p) 
{
	int n=p->children.size();
	auto it=p->children.end();
	while(n--)
	{
		it--;
		int sts=it->second->treeSize;
		if(sts>=num)
		{
			postOutLast(num,it->second);
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			postOutLast(sts,it->second);
			num-=sts;
		}
	}
	now->tenChildren.push_back(p->name);	
}
void directory::makeDir(string &ts)  //没问题 
{
	if(now->children.find(ts)!=now->children.end())
	{
		//已经有这个目录 
		cout<<"ERR"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	//新建一个目录 
	subTree *newNode=new subTree(ts,now);
	now->children[ts]=newNode;
	updateSize(1);	//更新这层及上层节点数量 
	cout<<"OK"<<endl;
	op.push(make_pair(1,ts));	//存储成功的操作 
}
void directory::removeDir(string &ts)	//没问题 
{
	if(now->children.find(ts)==now->children.end())
	{
		//如果要删除的目录不存在 
		cout<<"ERR"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	//删除目录,把目录的内存放进垃圾桶trashBin 
	trashBin.push(now->children[ts]);
	updateSize(-now->children[ts]->treeSize);  //删除的是整个文件夹,包括子目录 
	now->children.erase(ts);
	cout<<"OK"<<endl;
	op.push(make_pair(2,ts)); 
}
void directory::cd(const string &ts)	//没问题 
{
	if(ts=="..")
	{
		if(now==root) cout<<"ERR"<<endl;
		else 
		{
			//回到上层目录,则把当前的目录名存起来 
			op.push(make_pair(3,now->name)); 
			now=now->parent;
			cout<<"OK"<<endl;
		}
		return;
	}
	
	if(now->children.find(ts)==now->children.end())
	{
		cout<<"ERR"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	op.push(make_pair(4,now->name)); //其实进入内层目录可以用父亲指针跳出来 
	now=now->children[ts];
	cout<<"OK"<<endl;
}
void directory::listNowDir()	//没问题 
{
	if(now->children.empty())
	{
		cout<<"EMPTY"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	if(now->children.size()<=10)
	{
		for(auto x:now->children)
			cout<<x.first<<endl; 
		return;
	}
	auto itb=now->children.begin(),ite=now->children.end();
	for(int i=1;i<=5;i++)
	{
		cout<<itb->first<<endl;
		++itb;
		ite--;
	}
	cout<<"..."<<endl;
	for(int i=1;i<=5;i++)
	{
		cout<<ite->first<<endl;
		++ite;
	}
}
void directory::printNowDir()	//没问题 
{
	if(now->treeSize==1)
	{
		cout<<"EMPTY"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	if(now->dirty==0)
	{
		for(auto x:now->tenChildren)
			cout<<x<<endl;
		return; 
	}
	now->tenChildren.clear();
	now->dirty=0;
	if(now->treeSize<=10)
	{
		preOutput(now);
		return;
	}
	//前序5个,后序五个
	preOutFirst(5,now);
	now->tenChildren.push_back("...");
	postOutLast(5,now);
	reverse(now->tenChildren.begin()+6,now->tenChildren.end());
	for(auto x:now->tenChildren)
		cout<<x<<endl;
}
void directory::undo()
{
	if(op.empty())
	{
		cout<<"ERR"<<endl;
		return;
	}
	auto t=op.top();
	op.pop();
	switch(t.first)
	{
		case 1:removeDir(t.second);break;
		case 2:	//把垃圾桶的东西整体回收
			now->children[t.second]=trashBin.top();
			cout<<"OK"<<endl; 
			updateSize(trashBin.top()->treeSize);
			trashBin.pop();
			break;
		case 3:cd(t.second);break;   //cd..的负操作
		case 4:cd("..");break; 
	}
}

int main()
{
//	freopen("a.in","r",stdin);
//	freopen("a.out","w",stdout);
	int T; cin>>T;
	int first=1; 
	while(T--)
	{
		if(!first) cout<<endl;
		directory C; 
		int Q; cin>>Q;
		while(Q--)
		{
			string op,obj;
			cin>>op;
			if(op=="MKDIR") cin>>obj,C.makeDir(obj); 
			else if(op=="RM") cin>>obj,C.removeDir(obj);
			else if(op=="CD")
			{
				cin>>obj;
				C.cd(obj);
			}
			else if(op=="SZ")
				cout<<C.sizeOfNowDir()<<endl;
			else if(op=="LS") C.listNowDir();
			else if(op=="TREE") C.printNowDir();
			else if(op=="UNDO") C.undo();
		}
		first=0;
	}
	return 0;
} 

AC代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
char tmps[20];
struct Directory
{
	string name;//当前目录的名字
	map<string, Directory*>children;
	Directory* parent;//以备CD.. 返回上级目录
	int subtreeSize;//以备sz要输出子树大小
	vector<string>* tenDescendants;//保存当前节点的十个后代
	Directory(string name, Directory* parent) 
	{
		this->name = name;
		this->parent = parent;
		this->subtreeSize = 1;
		this->tenDescendants=new vector<string>;		
	}	
	bool updated;//记录当前节点的子孙有无变动，无变动则十个后代无需更新
public:
	void maintain(int delta) //向上维护子树大小
	{
		updated = true;
		subtreeSize += delta;
		if (parent != nullptr)
			parent->maintain(delta);	
	}
	void tree() 
	{
		if (subtreeSize == 1) printf("EMPTY\n");
		else if (subtreeSize <= 10) 
		{			
			if (this->updated) 
			{				
				tenDescendants->clear();				
				treeAll(tenDescendants);
				this->updated = false;
			}
			for (int i = 0; i < subtreeSize; i++)
			{
				printf("%s\n", tenDescendants->at(i).c_str());
			}	
		}
		else 
		{			
			if (this->updated) 
			{
				tenDescendants->clear();
				treeFirstSome(5, tenDescendants);
				treeLastSome(5, tenDescendants);
				this->updated = false;
			}
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
			{
				printf("%s\n", tenDescendants->at(i).c_str());
			}	
			printf("...\n");
			for (int i = 9; i >= 5; i--)
			{
				printf("%s\n", tenDescendants->at(i).c_str());
			}		
		}
	}	
	Directory* getChild(string name) //取子目录并返回，不存在返回空指针
	{
		auto it = children.find(name);
		if (it == children.end()) return nullptr;
		return it->second;
	}
	Directory* mkdir(string name) //创建子目录并返回，创建失败返回空指针
	{
		if (children.find(name) != children.end()) return nullptr;		 
		Directory* ch = new Directory(name, this);
		children[name] = ch;
		maintain(+1);
		return ch;
	}	
	Directory* rm(string name) 	//删除子目录并返回，删除失败返回空指针
	{
		auto it = children.find(name);
		if (it == children.end()) return nullptr;		
		maintain(-1 * it->second->subtreeSize);		
		children.erase(it);
		return it->second;
	}
	Directory* cd(string name) 
	{
		if (".." == name) 
		{
			return this->parent;
		}
		return getChild(name);
	}
	bool addChild(Directory* ch)//加入子目录并判断成功与否 
	{
		if (children.find(ch->name) != children.end())
		{
			return false;
		}
		children[ch->name] = ch;
		maintain(+ch->subtreeSize);
		return true;
	}
	void sz() 
	{
		printf("%d\n", this->subtreeSize);
	}
	void ls() 
	{
		int sz = children.size();		
		if (sz == 0) printf("EMPTY\n");
		else if (sz <= 10)
		{
			for (auto& entry : children)
			{
				printf("%s\n", entry.first.c_str());
			}	
		}	
		else 
		{
			auto it = children.begin();
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++, it++)
			{
				printf("%s\n", it->first.c_str());
			}	
			printf("...\n");
			it = children.end();
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) it--;
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++, it++)
			{
				printf("%s\n", it->first.c_str());
			}
		}
	}
private:	
	void treeAll(vector<string>* bar) 	//更新全桶
	{		
		bar->push_back(name);
		for (auto &entry : children)
		{
			entry.second->treeAll(bar);
		}		
	}
	void treeFirstSome(int num, vector<string>* bar)//更新前序几个
	{
		bar->push_back(name);
		if (--num == 0) return;
		int n = children.size();		
		auto it = children.begin();
		while (n--) 
		{
			int sts = it->second->subtreeSize;
			if (sts >= num) 
			{
				it->second->treeFirstSome(num, bar);
				return;
			}
			else 
			{
				it->second->treeFirstSome(sts, bar);
				num -= sts;
			}
			it++;
		}
	}
	void treeLastSome(int num, vector<string>* bar)//更新后序几个 
	{
		int n = children.size();		
		auto it = children.end();
		while (n--) 
		{
			it--;
			int sts = it->second->subtreeSize;
			if (sts >= num) 
			{
				it->second->treeLastSome(num, bar);
				return;
			}
			else 
			{
				it->second->treeLastSome(sts, bar);
				num -= sts;
			}
		}
		bar->push_back(name);
	}
};
struct Command
{
	int type;//命令的类型
	string arg;//命令的参数
	const string CMDNAMES[7] = { "MKDIR","RM","CD","SZ","LS","TREE","UNDO" };
	Command(string s) 
	{//构造函数
		for(int i=0;i<7;i++)
			if (CMDNAMES[i] == s) 
			{
				type = i;
				if (i < 3) 	//MKDIR、RM、CD的参数后续读入
				{
					scanf("%s", tmps), arg = tmps;
				}
				return;
			}
	}
	Directory* tmpDir;//记录刚刚操作涉及的目录节点
};

void solve()
{
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	//scanf("%d",&n); //每组数据有m行命令
	Directory *now = new Directory("root", nullptr);
	vector<Command*>cmdList;//新增加的数组存成功执行的命令以备undo
	while (n--) 
	{
		scanf("%s", tmps);
		Command* cmd = new Command(tmps);
		switch (cmd->type)
		{
			case 0://MKDIR
				{
					cmd->tmpDir = now->mkdir(cmd->arg);
					if (cmd->tmpDir == nullptr) printf("ERR\n");
					else 
					{
						printf("OK\n");
						cmdList.push_back(cmd);
					}
					break;
				}
			case 1://RM
				{
					cmd->tmpDir = now->rm(cmd->arg);
					if (cmd->tmpDir == nullptr) printf("ERR\n");
					else 
					{
						printf("OK\n");
						cmdList.push_back(cmd);
					}
					break;
				}
			case 2://CD
			{
				Directory * ch = now->cd(cmd->arg);
				if (ch == nullptr)printf("ERR\n");
				else 
				{
					printf("OK\n");
					cmd->tmpDir = now;
					now = ch;
					cmdList.push_back(cmd);
				}
				break;
			}		
			case 3://SZ
				now->sz(); 
				break;
			case 4://LS
				now->ls(); 
				break;
			case 5://TREE
				now->tree(); 
				break;
			case 6://UNDO
			{
				bool success = false;//undo执行成功与否
				while (!success && !cmdList.empty()) 
				{
					cmd = cmdList.back(); cmdList.pop_back();
					switch (cmd->type)
					{
						case 0://UNDO MKDIR 
							success = now->rm(cmd->arg) != nullptr; 
							break;
						case 1://UNDO RM
							success = now->addChild(cmd->tmpDir); 
							break;
						case 2:	//UNDO CD
							now = cmd->tmpDir; 
							success = true; 
							break;
					}
				}
				printf(success ? "OK\n" : "ERR\n");
			}		
		}
	}
	printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
	int T; cin>>T;
	while(T--)
		solve();
	return 0;
}