课程：《Python程序设计》
班级： 1933
姓名：白晨阳
学号：20193314
实验教师：王志强老师
实验日期：2021年6月13日
必修/选修：公选课

实验内容：

Python综合应用：爬虫、数据处理、可视化、机器学习、神经网络、游戏、网络安全等。

实验要求：

（1）程序能运行，功能丰富。（需求提交源代码，并建议录制程序运行的视频）10分
（2）综合实践报告，要体现实验分析、设计、实现过程、结果等信息，格式规范，逻辑清晰，结构合理。10分。
（3）在实践报告中，需要对全课进行总结，并写课程感想体会、意见和建议等。5分

实验过程：

1:下面是一个爬虫的程序代码：
rom bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import sys
import urllib
import xlwt
import sqlite3

def main():
'''主程序'''
baseurl = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
datalist = getData(baseurl)
savepath = '豆瓣电影top250.xls'
saveData(savepath, datalist)

def askURL(url):
'''访问URL'''
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.97 Safari/537.36"
}
req = urllib.request.Request(url=url, headers=headers)
html = ""
try:
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
return html
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, "code"):
print(e.code)
if hasattr(e, "reason"):
print(e.reason)

def getData(baseurl):
'''获取数据'''
findLink = re.compile(r'')
findImg = re.compile(r'<img.src="(.?)"', re.S)
findTitle = re.compile(r'(.)')
findRating = re.compile(r'(.)')
findJudge = re.compile(r'(\d)人评价')
findInq = re.compile((r'(.)'))
findBd = re.compile(r'

(.*?)

', re.S)
datalist = []
for i in range(0, 11):
url = baseurl + str(i * 25)
html = askURL(url)

    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
    for item in soup.find_all('div', class_="item"):
        # print(item)
        movie_data = []
        item = str(item)
        link = re.findall(findLink, item)[0]
        movie_data.append(link)
        img = re.findall(findImg, item)[0]
        movie_data.append(img)
        title = re.findall(findTitle, item)
        if (len(title) == 2):
            ctitle = title[0]
            movie_data.append(ctitle)
            otitle = title[1].replace("/", "")
            movie_data.append(otitle)
        else:
            movie_data.append(title[0])
            movie_data.append("")
        rating = re.findall(findRating, item)[0]
        movie_data.append(rating)
        judge = re.findall(findJudge, item)[0]
        movie_data.append(judge)

        inq = re.findall(findInq, item)
        if (len(inq) != 0):
            inq = inq[0].replace("。", "")
            movie_data.append(inq)
        else:
            movie_data.append("")
        bd = re.findall(findBd, item)[0]
        bd = re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s+)?', "", bd)
        bd = re.sub("/", "", bd)
        movie_data.append(bd.strip())
        datalist.append(movie_data)

# print(datalist)
return datalist

def saveData(savepath, datalist):
'''保存数据'''
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8", style_compression=0)
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("豆瓣电影Top250", cell_overwrite_ok=True)
col = ("电影详情链接", "图片链接", "电影中文名", "电影外文名", "评分", "评价数", "描述", "相关信息")
for i in range(0, 8):
worksheet.write(0, i, col[i])
for i in range(0, 250):
# print("第%条" %(i+1))
data = datalist[i]
for j in range(0, 8):
worksheet.write(i + 1, j, data[j])
workbook.save('豆瓣电影top250.xls')

if name == 'main':
'''程序入口'''
main()

2:下面是一个贪吃蛇的小游戏：
程序如下：
def main():
pygame.init()

snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((windows_width, windows_height))

screen.fill(white)

pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇~")

show_start_info(screen)

while True:
music()
running_game(screen, snake_speed_clock)
show_end_info(screen)
def running_game(screen,snake_speed_clock):

start_x = random.randint(3, map_width - 8) ##开始位置

start_y = random.randint(3, map_height - 8)

snake_coords = [{'x': start_x, 'y': start_y}, ##初始贪吃蛇
{'x': start_x - 1, 'y': start_y},
{'x': start_x - 2, 'y': start_y}]

direction = RIGHT ##开始时向右移动

food = get_random_location() ##实物随机位置

while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
terminate()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if (event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == K_a) and direction != RIGHT:
direction = LEFT
elif (event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == K_d) and direction != LEFT:
direction = RIGHT
elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and direction != DOWN:
direction = UP
elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and direction != UP:
direction = DOWN
elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
terminate()

move_snake(direction, snake_coords) ##移动蛇

ret = snake_is_alive(snake_coords)
if not ret:
    gameover_music()
    break     ##蛇死了. 游戏结束
snake_is_eat_food(snake_coords, food) ##判断蛇是否吃到食物

screen.fill(BG_COLOR)
draw_snake(screen, snake_coords)
draw_food(screen, food)
show_score(screen, len(snake_coords) - 3)
pygame.display.update()
snake_speed_clock.tick(snake_speed) ##控制fps

def draw_food(screen, food):

x = food['x'] * cell_size
y = food['y'] * cell_size
appleRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, cell_size, cell_size)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, red, appleRect)
def draw_snake(screen, snake_coords):

for coord in snake_coords:
x = coord['x'] * cell_size
y = coord['y'] * cell_size
wormSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, dark_blue, wormSegmentRect)
wormInnerSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x+4,y+4,cell_size - 8, cell_size - 8)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, blue, wormInnerSegmentRect)
def move_snake(direction, snake_coords):

if direction == UP:
newHead = {'x':snake_coords[HEAD]['x'], 'y':snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] - 1}
elif direction == DOWN:
newHead = {'x':snake_coords[HEAD]['x'], 'y':snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] + 1}
elif direction == LEFT:
newHead = {'x':snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] - 1, 'y':snake_coords[HEAD]['y']}
elif direction == RIGHT:
newHead = {'x':snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] + 1, 'y':snake_coords[HEAD]['y']}
snake_coords.insert(0, newHead)
def snake_is_alive(snake_coords):

tag = True

头坐标超出地图范围

if(snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] == -1
or snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] == map_width
or snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] == -1
or snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] == map_height):
tag = False

头坐标等于身体某节坐标

for snake_body in snake_coords[1:]:
if snake_body['x'] == snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] and snake_body['y'] == snake_coords[HEAD]['y']:
tag = False
return tag
def snake_is_eat_food(snake_coords, food):

if(snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] == food['x'] and snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] == food['y']):
## 重新生成食物
food['x'] = random.randint(0, map_width - 1)
food['y'] = random.randint(0, map_height - 1)
else:
del snake_coords[-1] ##如果没有吃到实物, 就向前移动, 那么尾部一格删掉
def get_random_location():

return {'x':random.randint(0, map_width - 1),'y':random.randint(0, map_height - 1)}
def show_start_info(screen):

创建Font字体对象，使用render方法写字

font = pygame.font.Font("simsun.ttc", 40)
tip = font.render('按任意键开始游戏', True,(65,105,255))

加载图片

gamestart = pygame.image.load('startlogo.jpg').convert()

通过blit方法输出在屏幕上

screen.blit(gamestart,(140, 30))
screen.blit(tip,(240, 550))

刷新屏幕

pygame.display.update()

while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
terminate()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN: ##任意键按下
return
if (event.key == K_ESCAPE): ##若为ESC，则终止程序
terminate()
else:
return
def show_end_info(screen):

font = pygame.font.Font("simsun.ttc", 40)
tip = font.render("按ESC退出游戏，按任意键重新开始游戏",True,(65,105,255))

gamestart = pygame.image.load('gameover.png')

screen.blit(gamestart,(60, 0))

screen.blit(tip,(80, 300))
pygame.display.update()

while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
terminate()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
terminate()
else:
return
def show_score(screen, score):

font = pygame.font.Font("simsun.ttc", 30)
scoreSurf = font.render("得分：%s" % score, True, green)
scoreRect = scoreSurf.get_rect()
scoreRect.topleft = (windows_width - 120, 10)
screen.blit(scoreSurf,scoreRect)
def terminate():

pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
实验结果：

会员力量，点亮园子希望

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