Python学习笔记第11天

每日一句：心如明镜台，时时勤拂拭

将函数存储在模块里

# pizza.py
def make_pizza(size,*toppings):
    """概述要制作的披萨"""
    print("\nMaking a "+str(size)+"-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
    for topping in toppings:
        print("- "+topping)
# makeing_pizza.py
# import pizza
# 导包
# 1.导入整个模块
# pizza.make_pizza(16,'pepperoni')
# pizza.make_pizza(12,'mushrooms','green peppers','extra cheese')
# 导入模块之后，使用该函数，需要加上模块名才能使用
# module_name.funcation_name() ==  make_模块名(实参)

Making a 16-inch pizza with the following toppings:
- pepperoni

Making a 12-inch pizza with the following toppings:
- mushrooms
- green peppers
- extra cheese

# 导入特定的函数
# 导入模块中的特定的包
from module_name import funcation_name()
# 逗号分隔函数名，导入一个模块中多个函数
from module_name import funcation——0，funcation_1,funcation_2

# as 
​
from pizza import make_pizza as mp
# 将make_pizza 命名为 mp
​
# 给函数指定别名
from module_name import funcation_name as fn
​
# 给模块指定别名
import module_name as mn
​
# 导入所有函数
from pizza import *

def funcation_name(parameter_0,parameter_1,parameter_2='default value')
括号两边不要有空格
funcation_name(value_0,value_1)

 

创建和使用类

# 创建Dog类
class Dog():
    """一次模拟小狗的简单尝试"""
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        """初始化属性name和age"""
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
# __init__ 类里的函数叫方法 
    def sit(self):
        """模拟小狗被命令时蹲下"""
        print(self.name.title()+" is now sitting.")
    def roll_over(self):
        """模拟小狗被命令时打滚"""
        print(self.name.title()+" rolled over!")
# self方法类里所有方法都可以用,传递实参时，不用传递,已self为前缀的变量可以使用所有的方法
​
my_dog=Dog('willie',6)
# 创建我的狗叫Willie，6岁了。
print("My dog's name is "+my_dog.name.title()+".")
print("My dog is "+str(my_dog.age)+" years old.")
​
# 调用方法
my_dog.sit()
my_dog.roll_over()
​
# 创建多个实例
your_dog=Dog('lucy',3)
your_dog.sit()
your_dog.roll_over()
print("Your dog's name is "+your_dog.name.title()+".")
print("Your dog is "+str(your_dog.age)+" years old.")

My dog's name is Willie.
My dog is 6 years old.
Willie is now sitting.
Willie rolled over!
Lucy is now sitting.
Lucy rolled over!
Your dog's name is Lucy.
Your dog is 3 years old.