Python学习笔记第十天

每日一句：沉思的人有一个目标，幻想的人却没有。

传递列表

def greet_users(names):
    """向列表中的每位用户都发出简单的问候"""
    for name in names:
        msg="Hello, "+name.title()+"!"
        print(msg)
usernames=['hannah','ty','margot']
greet_users(usernames)
# 指定整个列表为一个实参，传递给形参，存储在names中

Hello, Hannah!
Hello, Ty!
Hello, Margot!

# 创建列表,存储需要打印的文件
unprinted_designs=['iphone case','robot pendant','dodecahedron']
completed_models=[]
# 模拟打印的每一个文件，知道没有需要打印的
# 把打印好的放到completed_models中，
while unprinted_designs:
    current_design=unprinted_designs.pop()
# 模拟根据设计制作3D打印模型的过程
    print("Print model: "+current_design)
    completed_models.append(current_design)
# 显示打印好的所有模型
print("\nThe following models have been printed:")
for completed_model in completed_models:
    print(completed_model)

Print model: dodecahedron
Print model: robot pendant
Print model: iphone case

The following models have been printed:
dodecahedron
robot pendant
iphone case

def print_models(unprinted_designs,completed_models):
    """
    模拟打印的每一个文件，知道没有需要打印的
    把打印好的放到completed_models中，
    """
    while unprinted_designs:
        current_design=unprinted_designs.pop()
        # 模拟根据设计制作3D打印模型的过程
        print("Print model: "+current_design)
        completed_models.append(current_design)
def show_completed_medels(comleted_models):
    """显示打印好的所有模型"""
    print("\nThe following models have been printed:")
    for completed_model in completed_models:
        print(completed_model)    
# 创建列表,存储需要打印的文件
unprinted_designs=['iphone case','robot pendant','dodecahedron']
completed_models=[]
print_models(unprinted_designs,completed_models)
show_completed_medels(completed_models)
# 分别封装到函数中。1个模拟打印过程，一个显示过程

Print model: dodecahedron
Print model: robot pendant
Print model: iphone case

The following models have been printed:
dodecahedron
robot pendant
iphone case

禁止函数修改列表

# 创建列表副本
# 无论副本如何修改，原列表都不会发生改变
# funcation_name(list_name[:])

传递任意数量的参数

def make_pizza(*toppings):
    """打印顾客点的所有配料"""
    print(toppings)
make_pizza('pepperoni')
make_pizza('mushrooms','green peppers','extra cheese')
# *toppings 创建一个空元祖来存储传递进来的实参

('pepperoni',)
('mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')

def make_pizza(*toppings):
    """概述要制作的披萨"""
    print("\nMaking a pizza with the following toppings:")
    for topping in toppings:
        print("- "+topping)
make_pizza('pepperoni')
make_pizza('mushrooms','green peppers','extra cheese')
# *toppings 创建一个空元祖来存储传递进来的实参，遍历元组打印出来

Making a pizza with the following toppings:
- pepperoni

Making a pizza with the following toppings:
- mushrooms
- green peppers
- extra cheese

结合使用位置实参和任意数量实参

def make_pizza(size,*toppings):
    """概述要制作的披萨"""
    print("\nMaking a "+str(size)+"-inch pizza with the following toppings:")
    for topping in toppings:
        print("- "+topping)
make_pizza(16,'pepperoni')
make_pizza(12,'mushrooms','green peppers','extra cheese')

Making a 16-inch pizza with the following toppings:
- pepperoni

Making a 12-inch pizza with the following toppings:
- mushrooms
- green peppers
- extra cheese

使用任意数量的关键字实参

def build_profile(first,last,**user_info):
    """创建一个字典，其中包含我们知道的有关用户的一切"""
    profile={}
    profile['first_name']=first
    profile['last_name']=last
    for key,value in user_info.items():
        profile[key]=value
    return profile
user_profile=build_profile('albert','einstein',location='princetion',field='physics')
print(user_profile)
# 'albert','einstein'与first，和last相对于

{'first_name': 'albert', 'last_name': 'einstein', 'location': 'princetion', 'field': 'physics'}