装饰器

# 简单装饰器

def timer(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kw):
        t1=time.time()
        # 这是函数真正执行的地方
        func(*args, **kw)
        t2=time.time()

        # 计算下时长
        cost_time = t2-t1
        print("花费时间：{}秒".format(cost_time))
    return wrapper

import time

@timer
def want_sleep(sleep_time):
    time.sleep(sleep_time)

want_sleep(10)

# 带参数的装饰器

def say_hello(contry):
    def wrapper(func):
        def deco(*args, **kwargs):
            if contry == "china":
                print("你好!")
            elif contry == "america":
                print('hello.')
            else:
                return

            # 真正执行函数的地方
            func(*args, **kwargs)
        return deco
    return wrapper

# 类装饰器

class logger(object):
    def __init__(self, func):
        self.func = func

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("[INFO]: the function {func}() is running..."\
            .format(func=self.func.__name__))
        return self.func(*args, **kwargs)

@logger
def say(something):
    print("say {}!".format(something))

say("hello")

# 带参数的类装饰器

class logger(object):
    def __init__(self, level='INFO'):
        self.level = level

    def __call__(self, func): # 接受函数
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            print("[{level}]: the function {func}() is running..."\
                .format(level=self.level, func=func.__name__))
            func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper  #返回函数

@logger(level='WARNING')
def say(something):
    print("say {}!".format(something))

say("hello")

# 装饰类的装饰器（单例）

instances = {}

def singleton(cls):
    def get_instance(*args, **kw):
        cls_name = cls.__name__
        print('===== 1 ====')
        if not cls_name in instances:
            print('===== 2 ====')
            instance = cls(*args, **kw)
            instances[cls_name] = instance
        return instances[cls_name]
    return get_instance

@singleton
class User:
    _instance = None

    def __init__(self, name):
        print('===== 3 ====')
        self.name = name