The Longman Defining Vocabulary

 

The Longman Defining Vocabulary

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<center><h1>The Longman Defining Vocabulary</h1></center>

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From Longman Dictionary (1988).

Spellings have been anglicized.

2197 words, 10 prefixes, 39 suffixes.

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This is the set of words which the Longman English Dictionary uses

to express all its definitions. As such, it may be a useful source

of basic vocabulary for the designer of an artificial language.

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WORD CLASS LABELS

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If a word has a specific word class label it is used in definitions

only in the word class shown. Otherwise the word may be used in any of

its usual word classes.

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A = Adjective

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Av = Adverb

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C = Conjunction

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D = Determiner

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P = Preposition

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Pd = Predeterminer

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Pn = Pronoun

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N = Noun

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V = Verb

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DEFINING VOCABULARY

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a, ability, about, above AvP, abroad, absence, absent A, accept,

acceptable, accident, accordance, according, according to, account,

ache, acid, across, act, action N, active A, activity, actor, actress,

actual, add, addition, address, adjective, admiration, admire, admit,

admittance, adult, advance NV, advantage, adventure N, adverb,

advertise, advertisement, advice, advise, affair, afford, afraid, after

AvCP, afternoon, afterwards, again, against, age N, ago, agree,

agreement, ahead, aim, air N, aircraft, airforce, airport, alcohol,

alike, alive, all AvDPdPn, allow, almost, alone, along, aloud, alphabet,

already, also, although, altogether Av, always, among, amount N, amuse,

amusement, amusing A, an, ancient A, and, anger N, angle N, angry,

animal, ankle, annoy, annoyance, another, answer, ant, anxiety, anxious,

any, anyhow, anyone, anything, anywhere, apart, apparatus, appear,

appearance, apple, appoint, approval, approve, arch N, area, argue,

argument, arm, armor N, arms, army, around, arrange, arrangement,

arrival, arrive, art, article, artificial, as, ash, ashamed, aside Av,

ask, asleep, association, at, atom, attack, attempt, attend, attendance,

attention, attract, attractive, aunt, autumn, average AN, avoid, awake

A, away Av, awkward, baby, back AAvN, background, backward Av, backwards

Av, bacteria, bad A, bag N, bake, balance, ball N, banana, band N, bank

N, bar NV, bare A, barrel, base NV, basket, bath N, bathe V, battle N,

be, beak, beam N, bean, bear, beard N, beat NV, beautiful, beauty,

because, become, bed N, bee, beer, before, beg, begin, beginning,

behave, behavior, behind AvP, belief, believe, bell, belong, below AvP,

belt N, bend, beneath, berry, beside, besides, best AAvN, better AAv,

between, beyond AvP, bicycle N, big A, bill N, bind V, bird, birth,

birthday, bit, bite, bitter A, black AN, blade, blame, bleed, bless,

blind, block, blood N, blow, blue, board N, boat N, body, boil V, bomb,

bone N, book N, boot N, border, born, borrow, both, bottle N, bottom N,

bowels, bowl, box, boy, brain N, branch, brass, brave A, bread, breadth,

break V, breakfast N, breast N, breath, breathe, breed, brick N, bridge

N, bright A, bring, broad A, broadcast, brother, brown AN, brush, bucket

N, build V, building, bullet, bunch N, burial, burn, burst, bury, bus N,

bush N, business, busy, but C, butter N, button N, buy V, by, cage N,

cake N, calculate, calculator, call, calm A, camera, camp NV, can NV,

candle, cap N, capital N, captain N, car, card N, cardboard, care,

careful, careless, carriage, carry, cart N, case N, castle N, cat, catch

V, cattle, cause, cell, cement N, cent, center N, centimeter, central,

century, ceremony, certain AD, chain, chair N, chairperson, chalk N,

chance N, change, character, charge, charm, chase V, cheap, cheat, check

[cheque], cheek N, cheer, cheerful, cheese, chemical, chemistry, chest,

chicken N, chief, child, childhood, children, chimney, chin, chocolate,

choice N, choose, church N, cigarette, cinema, circle N, circular A,

citizen, city, civilization, claim, class N, clay, clean AV, clear AV,

clerk, clever, cliff, climb V, clock N, clockwork, close AAvV, cloth,

clothes, clothing, cloud N, club N, coal, coast N, coat N, coffee, coin

N, cold, collar N, collect V, college, color, comb, combination, combine

V, come, comfort, comfortable, command, committee, common A, companion,

company, compare V, comparison, compete, competition, competitor,

complain, complaint, complete, compound N, computer, concern V,

concerning, concert, condition N, confidence, confident, confuse,

connect, conscience, conscious, consider, consist, consonant N, contain,

contents N, continue, continuous, contract N, control, convenient,

conversation, cook, cool A, copper, copy, cord N, corn, corner N,

correct A, cost, cotton, cough, could, council, count V, country N,

courage, course N, court N, cover, cow N, coward, cowardly, crack NV,

crash NV, cream N, creature, creep V, cricket, crime, criminal, crop N,

cross NV, crowd N, cruel, cruelty, crush V, cry, cultivate, cup N,

cupboard, cure, curl, current, curse, curtain, curve, custom N,

customer, cut, cycle V, daily AAv, damage, dance, danger, dangerous,

dare V, daring, dark, date N, daughter, day, dead A, deal, dear A,

death, debt, decay, deceit, deceive, decide, decimal, decision,

declaration, declare, decorate, decoration, decrease, deep A, deer,

defeat, defend, defense, degree, delay, delicate, delight, deliver,

demand, department, depend, dependent, depth, descend, describe,

description, descriptive, desert N, deserve, desirable, desire, desk,

destroy, destruction, detail N, determination, determined, develop,

devil N, diamond, dictionary, die V, difference, different, difficult,

difficulty, dig V, dinner, dip V, direct, direction, dirt, dirty A,

disappoint, discourage, discouragement, discover, discovery, dish N,

dismiss, distance N, distant, ditch N, divide V, division, do V, doctor

N, dog N, dollar, door, doorway, dot N, double AAvPdV, doubt, down AAvP,

drag V, draw V, drawer, dream, dress NV, drink, drive V, drop, drown,

drug N, drum N, drunk, dry, duck N, dull A, during, dust N, duty, each,

eager, ear, early, earn, earth N, east, eastern, easy, eat, edge N,

educate, education, effect N, effective, effort, egg N, eight, eighth,

either, elastic, elbow N, elect V, election, electric, electricity,

elephant, else, employ V, employer, employment, empty AV, enclose,

enclosure, encourage, encouragement, end, enemy, engine, engineer N,

English, enjoy, enjoyment, enough, enter, entertain, entertainment,

entrance N, envelope, equal ANV, equality, escape, especially,

establish, establishment, even AAv, evening, event, ever, every,

everyone, everything, everywhere, evil, exact A, examination, examine,

example, excellent, except CP, exchange, excite, excited, exciting,

excuse, exercise, exist, existence, expect, expensive, experience,

explain, explanation, explode, explosion, explosive, express V,

expression, extreme, eye, eyelid, face, fact, factory, fail V, failure,

faint AV, fair A, fairy, faith, faithful A, fall, false A, fame,

familiar A, family, famous, fancy A, far, farm, farmer, farmyard,

fashion N, fashionable, fast AAv, fasten, fat, fate, father N, fault,

favor N, favorable, favorite A, fear, feather N, feed V, feel V,

feeling, feelings, fellow N, female, fence N, fever, few, field N,

fierce, fifth, fight, figure N, fill V, film, find V, fine A, finger N,

finish, fire, fireplace, firm AN, first AvD, fish, fisherman, fit AV,

five, fix V, flag N, flame, flash NV, flat, flesh, flight, float V,

flood, floor N, flour, flow, flower N, fly NV, fold, follow, fond, food,

fool N, foolish, foot N, football, footpath, footstep, for P, forbid,

force, forehead, foreign, foreigner, forest, forget, forgive, fork N,

form, formal, former, formerly, fort, fortunate, fortune, forward Av,

forwards Av, four, fourth, fox N, frame N, free, freedom, freeze V,

frequent A, fresh, friend, friendly, frighten, frightening, from, front

AN, fruit N, fulfill, full A, fun, funeral, funny, fur N, furnish,

furniture, further AAv, future, gain V, game N, garage N, garden,

garment, gas N, gasoline [petrol], gate N, gather V, general, generous,

gentle, gentleman, get, gift, girl, give V, glad, glass AN, glory N,

glue, go V, goat, god, God, gold, golden, good, good-bye, goods, govern,

government, grace, graceful, gradual, grain, gram, grammar, grand A,

grandfather, grandmother, grass N, grateful, grave N, gray AN, great,

green, greet, greeting, grief, grieve, ground N, group N, grow, growth,

guard, guess, guest, guidance, guide, guilt, gun N, habit, habitual,

hair, hairy, half, hall, hammer N, hand, handkerchief, handle, hang V,

happen V, happy, hard, harden, hardly, hardship, harm, harmful,

harmless, hasty, hat, hate V, hatred, have, he, head AN, health,

healthy, hear, heart, heat, heaven, heavy A, heel, height, help,

helpful, hen, her, here, hers, herself, hide V, high AAv, hill, him,

himself, hire, his, historical, history, hit, hold, holiday, hollow A,

holy, home AvN, honest, honesty, honor N, honorable, hook N, hope,

hopeful, hopeless, horizon, horn, horse N, hospital, host N, hot A,

hotel, hour, hourly, house N, how Av, human, humor, humorous, hundred,

hundredth, hunger N, hungry, hunt V, hurry, hurt V, husband N, hut, I,

ice N, icy, idea, if, ill A, image, imaginary, imagination, imagine,

importance, important, improve, improvement, in AvP, include, including,

income, increase, indoor, indoors, industrial, industry, infect,

infection, infectious, influence, influential, inform, information, ink

N, inner, inquire, inquiry, insect, inside, instead, instruct,

instruction, instrument, insurance, insure, intend, intention, interest,

interesting, international A, interrupt, interruption, into, introduce,

introduction, invent, invention, invitation, invite, inwards, iron AN,

island, it Pn, its, itself, jaw N, jealous, jealousy, jelly, jewel,

jewelry, job, join, joint, joke, journey N, joy, judge, judgment, juice,

jump, just, justice, keen, keep V, key N, kick, kill V, kilo, kilogram,

kilometer, kind, king, kingdom, kiss, kitchen, knee N, kneel, knife N,

knock, knot, know V, knowledge, labor N, lack, ladder N, lady, lake,

lamb, lamp, land, language, large, last AvDV, late, lately, laugh,

laughter, law, lawyer, lay V, lazy, lead N, lead V, leaf N, lean V,

learn, least, leather, leave V, left, leg N, legal, lend, length, less

AvDPn, lesson, let V, letter, level AAvN, library, lid, lie, life, lift,

light, lightning, like PV, likely, limb, limit, line N, lion, lip,

liquid, list N, listen V, liter, literature, little, live V, load, loaf

N, local A, lock, lodging, lodgings, log N, lonely, long AAv, look,

loose A, lord N, lose, loss, lot, loud, love, low A, lower V, loyal,

loyalty, luck N, lump N, lung, machine N, machinery, mad, magazine,

magic, magician, mail, main A, make V, male, man N, manage, manager,

manner, many, map N, march, mark, market N, marriage, marry, mass N,

master N, mat, match, material, matter, may V, me, meal, mean V, meaning

N, means, measure, meat, medical A, medicine, meet V, meeting, melt,

member, memory, mend V, mention V, merry, message, messenger, metal N,

meter, method, metric, microscope, middle AN, might V, mile, military A,

milk, million, millionth, mind, mine NPn, mineral, minister N, minute N,

mirror N, miss V, mist N, mistake, mix V, mixture, model N, modern A,

moment, money, monkey N, month, monthly AAv, moon N, moral A, morals,

more, morning, most, mother N, motor AN, mountain, mouse, mouth N, move

V, much, mud, multiply, murder, muscle N, music, musician, must V, my,

myself, mysterious, mystery, nail, name, narrow A, nasty, nation,

national A, nature, naval, navy, near AAvP, nearly, neat, necessary,

neck, need, needle N, neighbor, neighborhood, neither, nerve N, nervous,

nest N, net N, network N, never, new, news, newspaper, next AAv, nice,

night, nine, ninth, no AvD, no one, noble A, nobleman, noise N, none Pn,

nonsense, nor, north, northern, nose N, not, nothing, notice, noun, now,

nowhere, number N, nurse, nut, nylon, o'clock, obedience, obedient,

obey, object N, obtain, occasion N, ocean, odd, of, off AvP, offend,

offense, offensive A, offer, office, officer, official, often, oil, old,

old-fashioned, on AvP, once Av, one, oneself, onion, only, open AV,

operate, operation, opinion, opponent, oppose, opposite, opposition, or,

orange, order, ordinary, organ, organization, origin, other, otherwise,

ought, our, ours, ourselves, out AAv, outdoor, outdoors, outer, outside,

over AvP, owe, owing to, own DPnV, oxygen, pack V, packet, page N, pain

N, painful, paint, painting, pair N, palace, pale A, pan N, paper N,

parallel AN, parcel N, parent N, park, parliament, part N, participle,

particular A, partner N, party N, pass V, passage, passenger, past,

pastry, path, patience, patient A, pattern N, pause, pay, payment,

peace, peaceful, pen N, pence, pencil N, people N, pepper N, per,

perfect A, perform, perhaps, period N, permission, permit V, person,

personal, persuade, pet N, photograph, photography, phrase N, physical,

piano N, pick V, picture N, piece N, pig N, pile, pilot, pin, pink AN,

pipe N, pity, place, plain AN, plan, plane N, plant, plastic, plate N,

play, pleasant, please, pleased, pleasure N, plenty Pn, plural, pocket

N, poem, poet, poetry, point, pointed, poison, poisonous, pole N, police

N, polish, polite, political, politician, politics, pool N, poor,

popular, popularity, population, port N, position N, possess,

possession, possibility, possible A, possibly, post, pot N, potato,

pound N, pour, powder N, power N, powerful, practical, practice, praise,

pray, prayer, precious A, preparation, prepare, presence, present AN,

preserve V, president, press V, pressure N, pretend, pretty A, prevent,

price N, prickly, pride N, priest, prince, principle, print, prison,

prisoner, private A, prize N, probability, probable A, problem, process

N, procession, produce V, product, production, profession, profit N,

promise, pronounce, pronunciation, proof N, proper, property, protect,

protection, protective, proud, prove, provide, provision, provisions,

public, pull, pump, punish, punishment, pupil, pure, purple, purpose N,

push, put, quality, quantity, quarrel, quarter N, queen N, question,

quick A, quiet AN, quite, rabbit N, race, radio N, railway, rain, raise

V, range N, rank N, rapid A, rare, rat N, rate N, rather, raw A, reach,

read V, ready A, real, really, reason, reasonable, receive, recent,

recently, recognition, recognize, record NV, red, reduce, reduction,

refusal, refuse V, regard, regular A, related, relation, relative,

religion, religious, remain, remark N, remember, remind, remove V, rent,

repair, repeat V, reply, report, represent, representative, republic,

request, respect, respectful, responsible, rest, restaurant, result,

return NV, reward, rice, rich, rid, ride, right ANAv, ring, ripe, rise

V, risk, river, road, rob, rock N, rod, roll V, roof N, room N, root N,

rope N, rose, rough A, round AAvP, row NV, royal A, rub V, rubber, rude,

ruin, rule, ruler, run, rush, sad, safe A, safety, sail, sale, salt AN,

same, sand N, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfy, save V, say V, scale

N, scatter V, scene, scenery, school N, science, scientific, scientist,

scissors, screw, sea, search, season N, seat, second AvDNPn, secrecy,

secret, secretary, see V, seed N, seem, seize, sell V, send, sensation,

sense N, senseless, sensible, sensitive, sentence N, separate AV,

serious, servant, serve, service N, set NV, settle V, seven, seventh,

several, severe, sew, sex N, sexual, shade, shadow N, shake, shall,

shame N, shape, share, sharp A, she, sheep, sheet, shelf, shell N,

shelter, shield N, shine V, ship N, shirt, shock NV, shoe N, shoot V,

shop, shopkeeper, shore N, short A, shot N, should, shoulder N, shout,

show NV, shut, sick A, side AN, sideways, sight N, sign, signal,

signature, silence N, silent, silk, silly A, silver, similar,

similarity, simple, since, sincere, sing, single A, singular, sink V,

sister, sit, situation, six, sixth, size N, skill, skillful, skin N,

skirt N, sky N, slave N, sleep, slide V, slight A, slip V, slippery,

slope, slow, small, smell, smile, smoke, smooth A, snake N, snow, so,

soap N, social A, society, sock N, soft, soil N, soldier N, solemn,

solid, some DPn, somehow, someone, something, sometimes, somewhere, son,

song, soon, sore A, sorrow N, sorry, sort N, soul, sound NV, soup, sour

A, south, southern, space N, spacecraft, spade, speak, spear N, special

A, specialist, speech, speed N, spell V, spend, spin V, spirit N, spite

N, splendid, split V, spoil V, spoon N, sport N, spot N, spread V,

spring, square AN, stage N, stair, stamp, stand V, standard, star N,

start, state, station N, stay, steady A, steal V, steam N, steel N,

steep A, stem N, step, stick, sticky, stiff A, still AAv, sting, stitch,

stomach N, stone N, stop, store, storm N, story, straight AAv, strange,

stranger, stream N, street, strength, stretch, strike V, string N,

stroke N, strong, structure N, struggle, student, study, stupid, style

N, subject N, substance, subtract, succeed, success, successful, such,

suck V, sudden, suffer, sugar N, suggest, suit, suitable, sum N, summer

N, sun N, supper, supply NV, support, suppose, sure A, surface N,

surprise, surround V, swallow V, swear, sweep V, sweet, swell V, swim,

swing, sword, sympathetic, sympathy, system, table N, tail N, take V,

talk, tall, taste, tax, taxi N, tea, teach, team N, tear V, tear N,

telephone, television, tell, temper N, temperature, temple, tend,

tendency, tender A, tennis, tense N, tent, terrible, terror, test, than,

thank, that CDPn, the, theater, their, theirs, them, themselves, then

Av, there, therefore, these, they, thick A, thief, thin A, thing, think

V, third, thirst N, thirsty, this DPn, thorough, those, though, thought,

thousand, thousandth, thread N, threat, threaten, three, throat, through

AvP, throw, thumb N, thunder, thus, ticket N, tidy AV, tie, tiger, tight

A, time N, timetable N, tin, tire [tyre] N, tire V, title N, to,

tobacco, today, toe N, together, tomorrow, tongue, tonight, too, tool N,

tooth, top AN, total AN, touch, tour, tourist, towards, tower N, town,

toy N, track, trade N, traffic N, train, translate, transparent, trap,

travel, treat V, treatment, tree, tremble V, tribe, trick NV, trip N,

tropical, trouble, trousers, true A, trunk, trust, truth, try V, tube,

tune N, turn, twice, twist, type N, typical, ugly, uncle, under P,

understand, undo, uniform N, union, unit, unite, universal, universe,

university, until, up AAvP, upper A, upright AAv, upset V, upside down,

upstairs AAv, urge, urgent, us, use, useful, useless, usual, valley,

valuable A, value N, variety, various, vary, vegetable, vehicle, verb,

very Av, victory, view N, village, violence, violent, visit, voice N,

vote, vowel, voyage N, wages, waist, wait V, waiter, wake V, walk, wall

N, wander, want V, war N, warm AV, warmth, warn, wash, waste, watch,

water, wave, way, we, weak, wealth, weapon, wear V, weather N, weave V,

wedding, week, weekly AAv, weigh, weight N, welcome, well AAvN, west,

western A, wet A, what, whatever, wheat, wheel N, when AvC, whenever,

where, whether, which, whichever, while C, whip, whisper, whistle,

white, who, whoever, whole, why, wicked, wide AAv, widespread, width,

wife, wild AAv, will, willing, win V, wind V, wind N, window, wine N,

wing N, winter N, wire N, wisdom, wise A, wish, with, within P, without

P, witness N, woman, wonder NV, wood, wooden, wool, woolen, word N,

work, world, worm N, worry, worse, worship, worst, worth, worthy, worthy

of, would, wound, wrap V, wreck, wrist, write, wrong AAvN, wrongdoing,

yard, year, yearly, yellow AN, yes, yesterday, yet, you, young, your,

yours, yourself, youth, zero

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PREFIXES

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dis-, im-, in-, ir-, mid-, mis-, non-, re-, self-, un-

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SUFFIXES

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-able, -al, -an, -ance, -ar, -ate, -ation, -ed, -en, -ence, -er, -ery,

-ess, -ful, -ible, -ic, -ical, -ing, -ion, -ish, -ist, -ity, -ive,

-ization -ize -less -like -ly -ment -ness -or -ous -ry -ship -th -ward

-wards -work -y