注解和反射
注解和反射
1 注解
1.1 初识注解
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1.2 内置注解
1.3 元注解
@Target表示我们可以将注解用在哪些地方
@Retention表示我们的注解在什么地方还有效
@Documented表示是否将我们的注解生成在JavaDoc中
@Inherited表示子类可以继承父类的注解
元注解标注在 注解定义的上边
1.4 自定义注解
//自定义注解
public class TestAnnotation1 {
//注解可以显示赋值, 如果没有默认值,我们就必须给注解赋值
@MyAnnotation1(schools = "你好")
public void test(){
}
//如果注解只有value一个参数,那么默认可以不写参数名赋值
@MyAnnotation2("123")
public void test2(){
}
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation1{
//注解的参数 : 参数类型+参数名 ();
String name() default "";
int age () default 18;
int id() default -1;
String[] schools();
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
String value();
}
2 反射
2.1 静态 VS 动态语言
2.2 反射介绍
2.3 获取Class对象
public class TestReflection2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//第一种方式:通过类名。class获取
Class c1 = Person.class;
//第二中方式获取: 对象.getClass()
Person person1 = new Person("学生");
Class c2 = person1.getClass();
//第三中方式:Class.forName("全类名")
Class c3 = Class.forName("反射.Person");
//第四种方式:基本数据类型的包装类型用Type属性获取
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
}
}
class Person{
String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
2.4 所有类型的class对象
public class TestReflection3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1=Override.class;
Class c2=Class.class;
Class c3=Integer.class;
Class c4=void.class;
Class c5=int[].class;
Class c6=int[][].class;
Class c7=Enum.class;
Class c8=Runnable.class;
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
//只要是同类型的对象,class实例是唯一的
int []a=new int[10];
int []b=new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
}
}
2.5 类加载内存分析
类的加载过程
什么时候会发送类初始化
类加载器的作用
/*
补充:如果自己定义了一个java.lang.String类,那么这个类不会生效,
因为有双亲委派机制,会一层一层找,先找系统加载器,找到了就往上一层
找,直到找到最高层根加载器,如果有就用根加载器的
*/
public class ClassLoader1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器 -->扩展类加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器 -->根加载器(c/c++)
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1);//java无法获取根加载器
//测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("反射.ClassLoader1").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
}
}
2.6 获取类的运行时结构
public class Test4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
User user=new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println("正常:"+field);
}
fields=c1.getDeclaredFields();//获取所有的变量
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println("DeclaredField:"+field);
}
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");//获取特定的属性
System.out.println("指定:"+name);
System.out.println("======================");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获取本类及父类的public方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("正常:"+method);
}
methods=c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获取本类的所有方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("DeclaredMethod:"+method);
}
Method setAge = c1.getMethod("setAge", int.class);//获取指定方法
System.out.println("指定:"+setAge);
System.out.println("======================");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors(); //只能获取public
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("正常:"+constructor);
}
constructors=c1.getDeclaredConstructors(); //获取本类的所有构造器
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("DeclaredConstructor:"+constructor);
}
Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);//获取指定构造器
System.out.println(constructor);
}
}
class User{
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
public String id;
public User(String name, int age, String sex) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
}
public User(){
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
private void test(){
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", id='" + id + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
2.7 动态创建对象、执行方法
public class Test5 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//利用反射创建对象,设置属性
Class c1 = Class.forName("反射.User");
//利用无参构造创建对象
User user = (User)c1.newInstance();
System.out.println(user);
//拿到constructor有参构造器,创建对象
Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, String.class);
user = (User) constructor.newInstance("狂神", 18, "男");
System.out.println(user);
//拿到field设置user属性
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
//不能直接操作私有属性,我们需要关闭程序的安全检测,属性或者方法的setAccessible(true)
name.setAccessible(true);
name.set(user,"狂神2");
System.out.println(user.getName());
//拿到方法,使用方法设置属性
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
setName.invoke(user,"狂神3");
System.out.println(user.getName());
}
}
2.8 性能对比分析
正常运行时间<反射运行方法,关闭安全检查时间<反射运行时间
2.9 反射获取泛型
反射获取方法参数泛型
反射获取方法返回值泛型
2.10 反射操作注解
public class Test6 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//利用反射操作注解
Class c1 = Class.forName("反射.Student");
//获取注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获取注解的value值
Table annotation = (Table)c1.getAnnotation(Table.class);
// Annotation annotation = c1.getAnnotation(Table.class);
String value=annotation.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获取列指定的注解
java.lang.reflect.Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("sex");
Field annotation1= name.getAnnotation(Field.class);
System.out.println(annotation1.column());
System.out.println(annotation1.type());
System.out.println(annotation1.length());
}
}
@Table("tb_student")
class Student{
@Field(column = "name",type = "varchar",length = 3)
private String name;
@Field(column = "age",type = "int",length = 10)
private int age;
@Field(column = "sex",type = "varchar",length = 1)
private String sex;
public Student(){
}
public Student(String name, int age, String sex) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
}
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Table{
String value();
}
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Field{
String column();
String type();
int length();
}

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