什么是敏捷?
“敏捷是态度而不是流程,是氛围而不是方法” Jim Highsmith
敏捷软件开发可定义为一系列软件开发方法:通过高度自组织,跨功能部门的团队协作来推进产品迭代与优化解决方案。[1] 它通过可适应的产品计划,迭代开发,及早发布及持续提高集成为核心,鼓励针对变化的快速灵活的响应。[2]也就是说,敏捷即是拥抱变化的一种态度,而不是一套方法论。相比传统的瀑布模型及螺旋模型等,敏捷开发具有快速,高效,发布成本低等特点,看起来似乎特别适合互联网初创公司作为首选模型来使用。
作为敏捷开发的精神教义,敏捷开发宣言是每一个使用敏捷开发作为企业产品开发模式的公司需要了解的信条,它包含4个核心价值观,及12条基本原则:[3]
4个核心价值观:
Individuals and interactions OVER processes and tools
个体和协作胜过过程和工具。
Working software OVER comprehensive documentation
正在运行的软件胜过完备的文档。
Customer collaboration OVER contract negotiation
客户参与胜过合同谈判。
Responding to change OVER following a plan
响应变化胜过遵循计划。
12个基本原则:
- Customer satisfaction by early and continuous delivery of valuable software 通过早期持续交付有价值的软件达到客户满意度
- Welcome changing requirements, even in late development 拥抱需求变化,即使是在项目后期
- Working software is delivered frequently (weeks rather than months) 经常交付软件(星期为单位,非月)
- Close, daily cooperation between business people and developers 业务人员与开发者需在整个产品周期中每日紧密的工作在一起
- Projects are built around motivated individuals, who should be trusted 由斗志高昂的人员及被激励的成员组成项目组,并信赖他们。
- Face-to-face conversation is the best form of communication (co-location) 面对面的对话是最好的沟通形式(统一办公地点的重要性)
- Working software is the principal measure of progress 最主要的成功考量是可工作的软件
- Sustainable development, able to maintain a constant pace 可持续开发,可保持一个相对稳定的节奏
- Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design 对于卓越技术与良好设计的持续追求
- Simplicity—the art of maximizing the amount of work not done—is essential 简单即必须,尽可能减少工作量的艺术。
- Self-organizing teams 自组织的团队(最好的架构,需求,设计都应来自自组织的团队)
- Regular adaptation to changing circumstance 每隔一定时间,团队都要总结如何更有效率,然后相应地调整自己的行为
索引
1.Collier, Ken W. (2011). Agile Analytics: A Value-Driven Approach to Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing. Pearson Education. pp. 121 ff. ISBN 9780321669544. What is a self-organizing team?
2."What is Agile Software Development?". Agile Alliance. 8 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
3.Beck, Kent; et al. (2001). "Principles behind the Agile Manifesto". Agile Alliance. Archived from the original on 14 June 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
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